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表示“諄諄誘導(dǎo),暢所欲言”,而后者表示“吞吞吐吐,欲說不達(dá)”。例如: Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 作者為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞,用其同義詞jeopardize來替代它,由此推知其詞義為“使. . . 陷入危險(xiǎn),危及、危害”。1. 同義關(guān)系解讀法例句1。識別短語注意搭配 一類短語是由動詞+介詞,或動詞+副詞構(gòu)成,在現(xiàn)代英語中,這類詞組很多而且實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、結(jié)構(gòu)簡練、使用靈活、表達(dá)生動,如break the ice,look forward to,keep an eye on,catch one’s eye等;還有一類使用極廣的是介詞短語,如with regard to,in a blink of,on everyone’s lips,at the age of等。 閱讀技巧第一步: 句法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷英語句型可分為五種。 第二步 :短語必須要分清。那該如何呢? 除了查字典外,還可以用下面幾種方法幫助理解生詞。所謂同義關(guān)系是指作者在一篇文章、一個(gè)章節(jié)乃至一句句子里,為了避免重復(fù)而使用一對乃至幾對同義詞。例句3, Many students are reluctant to say anything at all in seminar discussions,but a sensitive teacher can truggle most students to make some kind of contribution.句中,truggle與 be reluctant to say成反義關(guān)系。即:許多學(xué)校今年從政府那里得到的撥款比預(yù)料的要少,因此有些學(xué)校已經(jīng)削減了擴(kuò)建計(jì)劃的支出。如英漢詞典。它是由high (高的,強(qiáng)的)和light(光線)兩部分組成,合在一起便是“以強(qiáng)光照射,使突出” 的意思。盡管我們可能還不能肯定它的確切解釋,但這一生詞已經(jīng)不會影響我們的閱讀和理解了。例句2, These black and white stripes on the can can be read by an optical scanner,or puter.句中,or并不表示“或者”,而是表示“即”,是一種重述關(guān)系。 在復(fù)述中構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接,有時(shí)也使用破折號,冒號,分 號,引號,和括號等。9, 定義關(guān)系解讀法2.A thermometer is an instrument that measures temperature.句中,主語與表語是一種定義關(guān)系,指“溫度計(jì)是一種測量溫度的儀器。以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為“健談的”。 In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同樣,從上下文的定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是“困境”。 根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義 恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索, 例如: The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“戰(zhàn)爭”和“重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”是生詞的實(shí)例,通過它們我們可以猜出epochal的 大致詞義“重要的”,這與其確切含義“劃時(shí)代的”十分接近。2根據(jù)復(fù)述猜測詞義 雖然復(fù)述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì),但是提供的信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。例句2, The country’s whole education system is going to be revamped,for example,the curriculum will be revised,teachers will be restrained,and so on.句中,通過“課程將重新設(shè)計(jì),教師將重新培訓(xùn)”等等例子看出國家的整個(gè)教育體系將進(jìn)行revamped即“改革”。 He always lives by the lake.a(chǎn)nd he is at home in the water.句中,and不表示并列關(guān)系,而是因果關(guān)系。 2. 根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義 例如: Insecticide is applied where it is needed. 后綴cide表示“殺者,殺滅劑”,結(jié)合大家熟悉的詞根insect(昆蟲),不難猜出insecticide意為“殺蟲劑”。 There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句為結(jié)果狀語從句,根據(jù)從句的描書“許多示威者”,我們便可推知elbow的詞意“擠,擠過”。因此,humid是潮濕 意思。