【正文】 ively manufacturing。s reengineering program is the billion dollar Technology Center at Dearborn, Michigan. Chrysler used this center to perform its first cross functional team experiment for the sports car Viper, with a goal to reduce the designtoproduction time to 36 months. With this experience, Chrysler Technology Center (CTC} became the hub of Chrysler39。 this is one of the reasons for the present administration ing forward with fiscal incentives for worker retraining, called reskilling. In spite of the promises of empowerment, there is a genuine concern among workers about reengineering. While a flat hierarchical structures with minimum designations appear to be good for generating the enthusiasm of workers, it also frightens them as there appears to be few avenues for promotion and growth. Only lateral displacements are visible as also the spectre of downsizing. We shall discuss the consequences of this concern in some instances of reengineering and the after effect of this feedback among the proponents of reengineering. What is Japan Doing? Companies opt for reengineering to restore their petitive edge in their line of business. But this experiment is performed in many countries with techniques suitably altered to take into account the different environments in which they operate. A major question usually discussed among the academics in business management is the performance of Japan. We shall briefly discuss how the Japanese corporations restructure their business in relation to what is happening in the . This is of some relevance as rightly, or, wrongly, perceives Japan as its principal petitor in many areas of high technology, where it wants to remain on top. Hence, trade disputes are not easily resolved and are taken to the highest levels of political leadership seeking favourable settlement. Section 4: Corporations and ReengineeringWe shall first discuss three specific examples of reengineering, mainly in manufacturing. Each of these cases exemplify the need for radical restructuring of the organization with attendant emphasis on information technology, human resources, open munication flow, supplier reengineering and education. The first, the Chrysler Corporation, one of the big three of the auto giants, probably is the most studied and visible example of radical structuring in the auto industry that included a pletely redesigned workplace to acmodate the new process and philosophy. The second case is Caterpillar, once an unchallenged earth moving equipment manufacturer. In 1984, this pany found itself with a billion dollar loss and intense petition from the Japanese panies, Komatsu and Hitachi that challenged its previously assured old homemarket. Caterpillar had to restructure its whole organization radically, and the results have been very successful: it reaped a record profit in 1994. But the routes followed in this restructuring by Caterpillar and Chrysler have been very different. The third case is a government space research laboratory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, that has restructured itself in the face of extensive cuts in defense and space programs. We shall analyse these cases using a structure that traces the history of the firm, the focus of reengineering and the routes adopted for its implementation. Theses will include restructuring both at the organizational and workplace levels, use of information technology and human resource management. Section 5: The Chrysler CorporationThe history of the Chrysler Corporation, one of collapse and revival through reengineering, has provided a major impetus for this business innovation. After a well publicized government bail out when its bankruptcy was imminent in the 7039。Business Process Analysis A Letter from AmericaProfessor V. ArunachalamDistinguished Service Professor, Departments of Material Science and Engineering Robotics and Engineering Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, 15217 and Dr. Eswaran SubrahmanianSenior Research Scientist,Engineering Design Research Center Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pa, 15217 August, 1995 A report to Engineering and Scocial Science Research Council, UK To enable the reader to access this BPRC report speedily and flexibly, it has been organised into the following separate sections: Contents Page Abstract Introduction Reengineering Corporations and Reengineering The Chrysler Corporation Caterpillar Jet Propulsion Innovation in Defense: Hughes Aircraft Innovation in Technologies Government Initiatives Methods and Tools for BPA IT and BPR Japan and Reengineering Human Resources in BPR Problems in Reengineering A Few more lines References A report to Engineering and Scocial Science Research Council, UKSection 1: AbstractThis report is on the recent innovations implemented by American panies in the way they manage their business and by the US government in supporting the industrial and technological base in the country. American corporations visible to outsiders are generally very large, with annual budgets running well above the national budgets of many countries, and with a range of diverse operations transcending divisional, organisational and national barriers. In responding to changes in the global market place, they are continually introducing innovations in process and product technologies and in product development and manufacturing cycles. It is difficult to enumerate, let alone discuss, all the innovations that are seen in US business today. Instead, we shall focus on innovations that are significant and generic for improving business processes. This is relevant as more than fifty percent of US firms are medium or small sized, and the general petitiveness of US industry depends on them as well. In this report, we do not discuss the recent trends in financial, merger, ROD and marketing strategies and processes. Instead, we discuss only those issues related to