【正文】 理應用、電氣技術、微處理器技術、系統(tǒng)工程學、人體工程學及空氣動力學等多學科和技術集于一體的機電設備，它是建筑物中的永久性垂直交通工具。如要修改或增加其功能要找回生廠家或用專用的工具。通過PLC對程序設計，提高了電梯的控制水平，并改善了電梯運行的舒適感。18世紀末發(fā)明了電機，并隨著電機技術的發(fā)展，19世紀初開始使用交流異步單速和雙速電動機作動力的交流電梯，特別是交流雙速電動機的出現(xiàn)，顯著改善了電梯的工作性能。習慣上不論其驅動方式如何，將電梯作為建筑物內垂直交通運輸工具的總稱。 病床電梯 ：為運送病床（包括病人）及醫(yī)療設備而設計的電梯，應用在醫(yī)院和醫(yī)療中心中。 特種電梯 ：應用在一些有特殊要求場合的電梯，包括防爆電梯、防腐電梯、船用電梯等。 （5）、 螺桿式電梯, 將直頂式電梯的柱塞加工成矩形螺紋，再將帶有推力軸承的大螺母安裝于油缸頂，然后通過電機經(jīng)減速機（或皮帶）帶動螺母旋轉，從而使螺桿頂升轎廂上升或下降的電梯。4. 按電梯有無司機分類 1）、有司機電梯，電梯的運行方式由專職司機操縱來完成。 5)、并聯(lián)控制電梯，2～3臺電梯的控制線路并聯(lián)起來進行邏輯控制，共用層站外召喚按鈕，電梯本身都具有集選功能。轎廂由轎廂架和轎廂體組成。電氣控制系統(tǒng)主要由操縱裝置，位置顯示裝置，控制屏(柜)，平層裝置，選層器等組成。電氣系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)對電梯運動的控制，同時完成選層、平層、測速、照明工作。 (2) 普通控制電器及硬件接線方法難以實現(xiàn)較復雜的控制功能，使系統(tǒng)的控制功能不易增加，技術水平難以提高。 電梯的微機控制系統(tǒng)實質上是使控制算法不再由硬件邏輯完成，而是通過程序存貯器中的程序來完成的控制系統(tǒng)。但在電梯控制中，往往要求能直接控制110V或220V的用電設備，如用戶專門配備接口電路既不方便又不可靠。大多數(shù)PLC采用編程器進行輸入和更改的操作。 PLC具有的自診斷功能對維修人員維修技能的要求降低。操作十分靈活方便，監(jiān)視和控制變得十分容易。 樓層及方向指示單元，包括電梯上下行方向指示燈、目前的方向及層樓指示燈；開關門接觸器，用于控制電梯的廳門和轎門的打開和關閉，在自動定向完成或電梯平穩(wěn)?？亢?，PLC給出相關指令，完成開關門動作；啟動加速、制動減速接觸器，用于電梯的調速系統(tǒng)。編程方便，存儲量大，結構很緊湊，成本低廉，CPU226具有24點輸入，16點輸出。在同一品牌中選擇時，則依據(jù)已確定的調速方案、負載類型以及應用時所需的附加功能來確定。（3）為降低電梯成本，選用通用變頻器。VS616G5只需簡單的參數(shù)設置就可以用于廣泛的應用領域。模擬量檢測輸出信號既可根據(jù)需要送給電流表或頻率表，也可以送給PLC的模擬量輸入模塊。 VS616G5變頻器多級調速的PLC控制利用PLC的開關量輸入輸出模塊對變頻器的多功能輸入端進行控制,實現(xiàn)三相異步電動機的正反轉、多速控制。變頻器的數(shù)字量檢測信號直接和PLC的輸入端相連。在其后面是檢測電路，它能濾出有效信號和應用該信號。C / 480 176。本系列電機的外殼防護等級為IP54，冷卻方法為IC11(見GB/T1993)，定額是以連續(xù)工作制(S1)為基準的。打開電機，讓電梯運行。（2）采用模塊化結構，可任意組合；另外，轎廂的位置是由脈沖編碼器的脈沖數(shù)確定，并送PLC的計數(shù)器來進行控制。根據(jù)電梯的運行方向，將同向的優(yōu)先級隊列中的非零單元（有呼叫的此時為非零單元；無呼叫則單元為零）送入寄存器隊列，我們利用先進先出讀出指令，將第一個單元中數(shù)據(jù)送入比較寄存器。：由于電梯的運行是根據(jù)樓層和轎廂的呼叫信號、行程信號進行控制，而樓層和轎廂的呼叫是隨機的，因此，系統(tǒng)控制將采用隨機邏輯控制。電梯通過PLC控制變頻器模塊，變頻器驅動直流電機拖動轎廂運動。如圖，轎廂內梯形指令圖，實現(xiàn)了轎箱內呼叫按鈕按下到目標層后自動取消對本層的呼叫和本層的呼叫顯示熄滅。減速制動是分別控制為KMKMKM8，、1S、最終達到制動的目的。圖中上行和下行中間繼電器為電梯的底部樓層傳感器和頂部樓層傳感器串聯(lián)，達到上行或者下行都能驅動樓層傳感器。采用德國西門子PLC CPU226加擴展模板EM223和EM235，雖然本系統(tǒng)采用的是交流雙速作為電梯的主電路，但是由于采用了R、L的串聯(lián)制動，并用繼電器控制接入阻抗的大小，同樣可以用來控制制動過程的強度，搞高停車制動的舒適度，同時降低了電梯的成本。本設計還有許多需要改進的地方，如：1. 把PLC和變頻器完美地結合起來，使電梯運行更加舒適；2. 優(yōu)化電梯的選向功能，更好的滿足乘客要求，達到高效運送乘客的目的；3. 增加出現(xiàn)緊急情況時的電梯處理辦法。但我覺得這還是遠遠不夠的，我會在以后的學習中更加認真鉆研，為今后工作打下更為堅實的基礎。本文主要討論了智能建筑系統(tǒng)的一個子系統(tǒng)：電梯控制系統(tǒng)。排列成中的直流電源，提供給指示燈，plc輸出點直接控制傳感器，已達到電動機正轉和反轉，停機的目的?？紤]到控制的要求相對復雜，我們按照控制功能將程序分塊。例如，接觸器，繼電器，電容，電阻，整流器和變壓器等，也都安裝在控制柜內，控制柜中的電源是有電梯室內的主電源提供。Plc在電梯控制應用，減低了故障率，并有效的提高了電梯運行的可靠性與安全性。附 錄Ⅰ 程序梯形圖 附錄Ⅱ總體硬件圖附 錄Ⅲ外文翻譯文獻Application of PLC in the Elevator Control System of Intelligence BuildingIn 1980s The first intelligence mansion had been pleted in American,then intelligence building has been a broadly taken attentions by the whole concept of intelligence building has been put different meanings along with the development of early stage intelligence building had been thought that it is equal to the intelligence mansion,but now the intelligence building not only includes the intelligence mansions but also involves intelligence residential districts. This paper mainly disusses one subsystem of intelligence building system:the elebvator control system. In intelligence residential districts the enterprise’s information managing system mainly takes charge of the things which related to the daily life,for example supervising the district equipments,managing vehicles,disposing critical sutuations and so on..The elevator supervising and control system is also necessary to the intelligence residential to make people feel safe,stable and fortable and how to save energy resources and protelct environments and so on are the basic requirements to the elevator control system.Control system PLC is a mon industry control is a special industry control puter which has the perfect function and simple PLC strong ability in interference and so on makes the elevator industry one after another to apply the PLC to the elevator control system,in order to replace the relay being used in traditional elevator control Application of PLC in the elevator control system reduces the breakdown rate and efficiently improves the operating reliability of the elevator with paper mainly discusses the elevator control system’s working principles,the system’s sofeware and hardware realization methods and so on.. The Working Principles of Elevator Control System are stated as follows:The spot control imformation is send into the PLC from the customer input devices firstly,then the PLC control cabinet is required to send out the control signal to drive the equipments according to the system demands. The elevator can the perform the homologous action according to the control are velocity feedback devices in system,which adopt measure velocity generators to provide the elevator velocities and generally are installed in the tail of tow this is a feedback control system,which can improve the system’s control precision. It is not necessary to do interface circuit in the elevator’s PLC control we should do is to send the signals to PLC digital input signals include inside and outside calling signals,floor location inspecting signals,limiting location signals,opening and shutdown the elevator door signals PLCoutput points can be directly used to control transducers for the purpose of electrical motor’s positive turn and reverse,stop and control each segment velocity and so on. Moreover,input and output devices are needed in elevator control system,vesides the PLC,system’s major control device. The control cabinet is the control center,from which we can send out variout control control cabinet often was installed in the elevator electic devices and signal systems,for emample the contactors,relays,tectifiers and transformers etc,are centralized in the control Power of the control cabinert was imported from the chief power of the elevator power was also introduced into control panel fy soft cables and was linked with each control power lines which was derived from control cabinet was delivered to tow electric control lines and signal lines were separately sent to each floor junction.