【正文】 d, high reliability, flexibility, functional, etc., for a variety of automated control equipment provides a very reliable control is able to provide safe and reliable automation and control applications and more plete solution for the current demand for automation of industrial enterprises.Currently, the electric drive is the industry39。目錄題目： 三相異步電動機轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)角控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 2013年6月1日0 摘 要 本文介紹三相異步電動機基于西門子S7200系列PLC的變頻調(diào)速與轉(zhuǎn)角控制方法。本篇文章通過對鼠籠式三相異步電動機工作過程的分析,著重討論了三相異步電動機的調(diào)速和轉(zhuǎn)角性能,嘗試簡單，有效的調(diào)速和調(diào)角度方法。 1．三相異步電動機的構(gòu)造 三相異步電動機的兩個基本組成部分為定子（固定部分）和轉(zhuǎn)子（旋轉(zhuǎn)部分）。轉(zhuǎn)軸轉(zhuǎn)軸上加機械負(fù)載 轉(zhuǎn)子組成鼠籠式電動機由于構(gòu)造簡單，價格低廉，工作可靠，使用方便，成為了生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)用得最廣泛的一種電動機。 （） 三相異步電動機定子接線 當(dāng)wt=00時，AX繞組中無電流；為負(fù)，BY繞組中的電流從Y流入B1流出；為正，CZ繞組中的電流從C流入Z流出；（a）所示。旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場的極數(shù)和三相繞組的安排有關(guān)。即： ()轉(zhuǎn)差率是異步電動機的一個重要的物理量。給定子繞組接上三相電源電壓，則定子中就有三相電流通過，此三相電流產(chǎn)生旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場，其磁力線通過定子和轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心而閉合，這個磁場在轉(zhuǎn)子和定子的每相繞組中都要感應(yīng)出電動勢。個人計算機發(fā)展起來后，為了方便和反映可編程控制器的功能特點，可編程序控制器定名為Programmable Logic Controller（PLC）。20世紀(jì)末期，可編程控制器的發(fā)展特點是更加適應(yīng)于現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的需要。等所有的用戶程序執(zhí)行完畢之后，最后將I/O映象區(qū)的各輸出狀態(tài)或輸出寄存器內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)傳送到相應(yīng)的輸出裝置，如此循環(huán)運行，直到停止運行。 如以太網(wǎng)、RS48ProfibusDP通訊模塊等。 ： CPU 221~226各有2種類型CPU，具有不同的電源電壓和控制電壓。 ： CPU221/222 1個 CPU224/226 2個 CPU221/222/224/226還具有 ： 2路高頻率脈沖輸出（最大20KHz），用于控制步進電機或伺服電機實現(xiàn)定位任務(wù)。其中控制電路完成對主電路的控制，整流電路將交流電變換成直流電，直流中間電路對整流電路的輸出進行平滑濾波，逆變電路將直流電再逆變成交流電。為了抑制電壓波動，采用電感和電容吸收脈動電壓（電流）。它與控制電路隔離使主電路器件導(dǎo)通、關(guān)斷。轉(zhuǎn)子的實際轉(zhuǎn)速n比磁場的同步轉(zhuǎn)速N要慢一點，所以稱為異步電機，這個差別用轉(zhuǎn)差率s表示： s=[n1－n）/n1]100% （)當(dāng)加上電源轉(zhuǎn)子尚未轉(zhuǎn)動瞬間，n=0，這時s=1；起動后的極端情況n=N，則s=0，即s在0～1之間變化。HMI軟件一般分為兩部分，即運行于 HMI硬件中的系統(tǒng)軟件和運行于PC機Windows操作系統(tǒng)下的畫面組態(tài)軟件（如wincc flexible畫面組態(tài)軟件）。STEP7Micro/WIN軟件可以使用SIMATIC與IEC611313兩種指令系統(tǒng)編程。（1） 同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)的所有編程元件都必須且只能用梯形圖上的連線連接，僅通過主母線連接的程序塊不能編寫在同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。模式TERM不會改變PLC原有的操作模式，但可通過編程計算機改變PLC的操作模式。利用工具條中的“狀態(tài)圖顯示”按鈕，可對輸入的地址進行重新排列。在“項目視圖”中顯示項目結(jié)構(gòu)，并可對項目進行管理。 WinCC flexible的組件 flexible工程系統(tǒng) WinCC flexible工程系統(tǒng)是用于處理所有基本組態(tài)任務(wù)的軟件。具體如下圖所示：速度給定速度反饋信號+PLC（PID）變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)電機 速度閉環(huán)控制的機構(gòu)控制圖 變頻器參數(shù)設(shè)置在本系統(tǒng)中，選用了由西門子生產(chǎn)的通用變頻器G120。積分項Kc*（Ts/Ti）*（SPnPVn）+Mx：與偏差有關(guān)，只要偏差不為0，PID控制的輸出就會因積分作用而不斷變化，直到偏差消失，系統(tǒng)處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，所以積分的作用是消除穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差，提高控制精度，但積分的動作較慢，給系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)穩(wěn)定帶來不良影響，很少單獨使用。 速度采集：S7200具有高速脈沖采集功能，采集頻率可以達(dá)到30KHz，共有6個高速計數(shù)器（HSC0~HSC5）工作模式有12種。經(jīng)驗法又叫現(xiàn)場湊試法，它不需要進行事先的計算和實驗，而是根據(jù)運行經(jīng)驗，利用一組經(jīng)驗參數(shù)，根據(jù)反應(yīng)曲線的效果不斷地改變參數(shù)，對于溫度控制系統(tǒng)，工程上已經(jīng)有大量的經(jīng)驗，其規(guī)律如下表所示： 實驗湊試法的整定步驟為先比例，再積分，最后微分。 主程序： 主要是用來調(diào)用子程序和控制量的輸入。s only then just started Embarks from this reality, frequency conversion technology remain have the very big development space, we should plete the promoted application work doggedly.And with the constant development of control technique and control avenue, frequency variation speed controlled has developed the vector controlled frequency variation velocity modulation, by controlling the AC motor inside act for shunt DC motor field coper’s flux, to enhance the permanent torque output scope and static and dynamic character, make the AC motor frequency variation speed controlled system superior to DC motor voltage variation speed controlled system. For simplifying the control system, reducing the fault rate, there has developed a vector controlled frequency variation speed control without speed sensor which based on the vector controlled frequency variation speed control. In some application which have low require , vector controlled frequency variation speed control without speed sensor could pletely pare with the vector controlled frequency variation speed control that have speed sensor. The vector control has the epochmaking significance to the AC current motor velocity modulation.Frequency variation speed control is the best way in the motor speed modulation, it is the perfect gear in the pany’s technical reform and product renewal, it is the essential position in the industrial automatic system, it is the assumption of realizing the automatic of product proceed and management, it is also the precondition in the development of informationization. In our country’s traditional estate, using the DC motor speed control actuation account about 85%~90% in the speed controlled system, but the AC speed controlled system account about 10%~15%. Low efficiency, bad quality, large cost, high fault rate have already been the bottleneck that restrain the development of the pany. So, we must promote the advanced AC frequency variation speed control technique positively, arms the traditional industry with the advanced equipment, promote a further development in the automation, the industrialization and the informationization.2 Our Country’s Development Condition in Speed Controlled TechniqueOur country is a developing country, so many product’s research ability has behind the developed countries. From now on, the product of frequency variation speed controlled that ourselves made only act for last century 90s in the international. With the reform and opening, rapid development of economic, forms a large market, it opens to the country panies, also the foreign panies. Many products are exported from the developed countries, and runs well in our country, satisfied our need in fabrication and living. Many copartership panies in our country make the international advanced products. The domestic plete department independently is designing the manufacture in the plete set installment to use the foreign import pany and the joint venture supposes advanced each, own develop the application software, can provide the firstclass electrical transmission control system for the domestic and foreign important engineering project. Although obtains very many result, but should see because domestic develops, the production product ability voluntarily is weak, is serious to the overseas pany39。在采用方案一的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)，在給定的轉(zhuǎn)速之下，想要達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)動角度的時間很短，大多不到1S，而在短時間內(nèi)，變頻器并不能順利啟動電機并使之轉(zhuǎn)動相應(yīng)的時間，因此放棄方案一