【正文】 火蟲的發(fā)光， 實質(zhì)上是把化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變成光能的過程 。 ?科學(xué)家根據(jù)蒼蠅嗅覺器官的結(jié)構(gòu)，把各種化學(xué)反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)變成電脈沖的方式，制成了十分靈敏的 小型氣體分析儀 ，目前已廣泛應(yīng)用于宇宙飛船、潛艇和礦井等場所來檢測氣體成分，使科研、生產(chǎn)的安全系數(shù)更為準(zhǔn)確、可靠。 Robofly 84 ?《 科學(xué)時報 》 訊 (記者 曉峰 ) 澳大利亞國立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家最近根據(jù)昆蟲的仿生學(xué)原理制造了一架新型飛行器，它會像 蜜蜂 一樣觀察周圍的事物，能夠像 蜻蜓 一樣自如地飛行，而且它還能夠在環(huán)境惡劣的火星表面飛行，以代替行動遲緩的漫游者機(jī)器人，從而改變?nèi)藗兲剿骰鹦堑姆绞健ɑ:] to be true, just check out this video on YouTube or view it below. 98 ? This bionic bug is the latest creation of a governmentfunded research project whose goal is to invent a new kind of military surveillance by fusing living insects with innovative electronics. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has already invested $12 million since 2022 in the scifi venture, hoping someday to deploy insectmachine hybrids as inconspicuous army scouts. A diverse group of scientists from across the nation is working to help make DARPA’s vision of remote controlled insect spies a reality. Although any military application is still a long way off, biologists and engineers are already finding the research useful. 99 ? In a new study, electrical engineer Hirotaka Sato and his Berkeley colleagues embedded tiny electrodes in beetles’ brains and muscles, allowing the researchers to remotely start and stop flight, make the insects turn right or left, and even trigger changes in elevation. ? The Berkeley research demonstrates ―the first wireless control of any insect in free flight,‖ said John VandenBrooks, an Arizona State University insect biologist and coauthor of the study, which was published this past October in the journal Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience. 100 ? According to the study, remotely controlled flying insects could ―serve as couriers [?k?ri?] to locations not easily accessible to humans,‖ places where soldiers can’t stroll about unnoticed. As stated on its web site, DARPA hopes to eventually use insect cybs[?sa??b?rɡ] to carry ―sensors, such as a microphone or a gas sensor, to relay back information gathered from the target destination.‖ ? The Berkeley team worked with green June beetles and giant flower beetles, which can grow to the size of a human palm. ―Beetles are really ubiquitous and really strong fliers, and they can carry a large payload,‖ said VandenBrooks, explaining how these bugs can fly even while toting the hefty electronic backpacks that process and power the electrodes wired to their bodies. 101 ? After implanting radioequipped electrodes into the adult beetles’ brains and wing muscles, the researchers used a laptop to wirelessly activate the implants, which delivered pulses of electricity. Exciting the beetles’ brains allowed the team to start or stop flight on mand. ? Exactly why this worked so well remains unclear, since the electrodes affected a sizeable and unspecified brain region. “We must have been stimulating some part of the motor area,” VandenBrooks suggested. To change the direction of flight, the researchers excited either the left or the right wing muscles. 102 ? Before the Berkeley study, most advances in insect cyb research happened at Cornell University’s Laboratory for Intelligent Machine Systems, where some researchers focus on moths — specifically, hawkmoths(天蛾 ), which breed quickly and can carry large payloads during flight. Some Cornell researchers have experimented with implanting electrodes during early stages of metamorphosis, so the adult hawkmoths emerge as cybs. These implants allowed for some preliminary control of wing movements and established the surgical techniques later used and modified by others, including the Berkeley team. 103 ? Although DARPA hopes insectmachine hybrids will someday facilitate the military, a fleet of stealthy insect spies won’t be breaking out of the lab any time soon. ―It’s the whole idea of the fly