【正文】 om, be attibutable to, be responsive to.c. 反映,體現(xiàn): reflect, present, suggest, show, imply, demonstrate.d. 考慮到…, 依賴…: give, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on, resort to.e. 條件關(guān)系: if, when, while, as, as soon as, as long as, 虛擬條件句.f. 粉刺短語\不定式\獨立主格作狀語216。 段落關(guān)系a. 順承: 無明顯的標志詞b. 轉(zhuǎn)折: 有表示對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞c. 支持: 有表示舉例的關(guān)聯(lián)詞216。 解答原則a. 優(yōu)先利用筆記進行判斷排除b. 充分利用已做題目進行判斷排除c. 根據(jù)選項中的關(guān)鍵詞進行定位排除d. 直選和排除結(jié)合e. 盡量最后再做(3) 全局否定事實題目的特點及解答5. 推斷題(Inference Question) (1) 推斷題簡介和提問方式: 參見OG第23頁(2) 推斷題的特點和解答216。 信息滯留點的概念216。 類型: country, ragtime…178。 都市化過程: 人口增長\城市擴張\交通發(fā)展\經(jīng)濟繁榮b. 歷史學和人類學178。 古生物: 恐龍(滅絕), 鳥類( 進化史pterosaur→archaeopteryx→modern birds)178。 地形\地貌特征: 成因\分布\氣候\生態(tài)\影響178。 構(gòu)建閱讀邏輯, 變翻譯為整體理解強調(diào)一遍閱讀法精讀: 消除閱讀障礙的閱讀方式→確保閱讀的正確性→對泛讀: 快速有效閱讀/廣泛閱讀→獲取有效信息→快/廣 (3) 文章的類型和題材1) 文章類型: :參見OG第19頁216。 加大理解單位,變單詞為意群組合焦點訓練法252。 注意：把強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)去掉句子仍然完整＼正確的就是強調(diào)句．　　　　　強調(diào)句不強調(diào)形容詞和代詞．例1: It was just a decade before this (強調(diào)句)that many drug panies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a vatiety of healthrelated conditions.例2: It was she, a Baltimore printer, (強調(diào)句)who published the first office copies of the Declaraton, the first copie (that included the names of its singers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies).例3: It was in the cities(強調(diào)句) that the elements (that can be associated with modern capitalism first appearedthe use of money and mercial paper in place of barter, open petition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools).2. 泛讀快速閱讀與有效閱讀(1) 閱讀中的詳略結(jié)合SKIMMING1) 需要詳細閱讀的內(nèi)容216。 The fact is true that Tom is handsome(同位語從句).(2) 復(fù)雜句的閱讀方法層次化句子閱讀法1) 括號匹配216。 Adv 副詞216。 定語從句:178。 根據(jù)筆記可以對文章進行有效復(fù)述: (1) 規(guī)范口語的邏輯(2) 提供口語表達的素材(1) 句子閱讀中的障礙1) 定語216。 結(jié)構(gòu)主體的核心詞216。 細節(jié)主體(填充)(2) 文章具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下:216。詞匯推斷(4) 推斷:根據(jù)上下文推斷出隱藏的信息(5) 態(tài)度:根據(jù)文章描述判斷作者意圖和態(tài)度:WHY目的。 Conclusion: topic(結(jié)構(gòu))(1) 快速筆記的意義:216。 新概念和核心概念216。 分詞短語作后置定語時,其邏輯主語是其修飾的名詞178。 A, or B216。 S+V+THAT+句子(完整句)賓語從句S+系動詞+表語+句子表語從句216。 構(gòu)成主語的成分:名詞代詞The +形容詞不定式主語從句動名詞216。 明顯的舉例: 為何而舉,舉例主體,結(jié)束位置216。 非謂語的不定式178。 植物學: 植物的分類和特征178。 水和生命形式。 特征及應(yīng)用216。 流派178。 代詞a. 從句的主語指代主語的主賓語(使用屬性判斷,不用含義)b. 關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞(插入結(jié)構(gòu)不影響指代關(guān)系)c. 重復(fù)概念指代: Tom and his cat(就近原則)d. some of otherssome + n + of + n, others指名詞some + v, some others共指之前概念216。 確保所選答案和題干構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系178。 直接對比。 比較n 明顯比較關(guān)系的特色詞匯: 同級比較\比較級n 隱含比較關(guān)系的特色詞匯: a. “變化”: change, vary, alter, modify, revise, increase, decrease, crect, destroy, develop, improve, progress, advance, grow, degenerate, continue, remain, stay, stable, still.b. “差異”: same, different.c. “超越”: surpass, exceed, transcend, excel.216。 推理錯誤: 附加條件(收斂線性推理)6. 修辭目的題( Rhetorical Purpose Question)(1) 修辭目的題見解和提問方式: 參見OG第24頁(2) 修辭目的題的分類和解答216。 特點a. 對應(yīng)原文某一處描述, 通常是舉例b. 對應(yīng)原文兩處或兩處以上描述, 并且通常是分散舉例或排比(未被選擇的選項應(yīng)和原文構(gòu)成一一對應(yīng).216。 others with featers that made the baskets’ surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds.The word others in the passage refers to (A) masters (B) baskets(C) pendants (D) surfacesEncouraged by the example of certain Americans of European descent such as Thomas Eakins, Robert Henri, and George Luks, who had included persons of African descent in their paintings as serious studies rather than as trivial or sendimental stereotypes, African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States. As they began to strive for social and cutural independence. Their attitudes toward themselves changed, and, to some extend, others segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them.The word them in the passage refers to (A) Americans of European descent(B) paintings(C) African American artists(D) attitudes3. 事實信息題( Factual Information Question)(1) 事實題簡介和提問方式: 參見OG第20頁(2) 事實題的正確選項特征: 原文重現(xiàn)和同義改寫(3) 細節(jié)類題目的干擾方式1) 信息滯留點216。 畫家e. 音樂178。 土人: 生活\宗教\藝術(shù)178。 天文學事件: 成因\過程\影響d. 考古學178。 微生物學: 真菌(蘑菇\真菌的頑固)b. 地理\地質(zhì)學178。 固定搭配例: Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must prosess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for certain length of time will be destroyed. Therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typically the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion. Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must prosess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for certain length of time will be destroyed. Therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by eleme