【正文】 romise(s)and law are key elements of a contract. Obligations and rights are the content of a contract. They are derived from a promise or a set of promises .A promise is a declaration that something will or will not happen in the future. When one party promises to do or not to do something for the other party, he or she has an obligation to burden. This obligation to the other party means a right.A contract is a social activity, not a private one. A social activity means in doing something in which two or more parties share mon interests. The realization of one’s interest strongly influences the acplishment of the other’s. Usually one enjoys the right to gain one’s interest and at the same time is obliged to let his own interest taken over by others. Thus, a contract is the mutual exchange of interests. Meanwhile, a contract is special as a legal behavior. The confirmed obligations have to be conducted。 however, drafters of business contracts must choose them as a tradition. Their wide usage fulfills two purposes: one is to make sentences more solemn and formal。 4) directness in reference。 contract language。總結(jié)全文，指出研究的局限性，提出進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究的建議。句法層:①單詞類型一英文商務(wù)合同中名詞居多， 且有大量介詞、冠詞。概述了當(dāng)前英文合同漢譯的狀況，存在的不足及造成這些不足的原因，并闡述了本文研究的宗旨和意義。本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。學(xué)校代碼：10254密 級(jí)：論文編號(hào)： 上 海 海 事 大 學(xué)SHANGHAI MARITIME UNIVERSITY碩 士 學(xué) 位 論 文MASTER DISSERTATION論文題目：從德國功能主義看國際商務(wù)英語合同的漢譯策略學(xué)科專業(yè)： 外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué) 作者姓名：指導(dǎo)教師：完成日期：Strategies for Translating International Business English Contracts into Chinese From the Perspective of FunctionalismBy Jiao RuiUnder the Supervision ofProfessor Qu ZongdeA Thesis Submitted to the College of Foreign Languages ofShanghai Maritime Universityin Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements for the MA DegreeShanghai Maritime UniversityMay, 20093AcknowledgementsI would like to avail myself of this opportunity to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have offered me great help in one way or another in my position of this paper.First and foremost, I am most indebted to my supervisor—Professor Qu Zongde, for his enthusiastic support, expert guidance and constant encouragement during the past two academic years, especially in the course of my preparation for this paper.My acknowledgement also goes to all the other devoted professors and the staff of Shanghai Maritime University, who have spared no effort to enrich my knowledge. Without them this paper would not have turned out as it is. Foreign Languages Collage of SMU really offers excellent environment for academic study and research.I am also grateful to my classmates and friends for their sisterly care and cordial help.My ineffable gratitude also goes to my beloved parents, whose great affection and support always urge me on. Their love will encourage me to move forward.Last but not the least, I want to thank all the authors whose books or articles have been found for my reference in writing this paper.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）原創(chuàng)性聲明和使用授權(quán)說明原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重承諾：所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文），是我個(gè)人在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的成果。作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。第二章概述了合同文本的特點(diǎn)，介紹了合同的定義和分類，揭示了英文國際商務(wù)合同的一般特征及功用，目的在于提高譯者對國際商務(wù)英語合同具體內(nèi)容的認(rèn)識(shí)，為翻譯實(shí)踐做好準(zhǔn)備。而中文商務(wù)合同以動(dòng)詞為主。關(guān)鍵詞：功能主義；翻譯策略；翻譯行為；合同語言； ABSTRACTIn view of the unsatisfactory translation of international business contracts nowadays, this paper breaks away from the traditional study method of contract translation which merely focuses on the linguistic features of contracts, and adopts the framework of German functionalism in the research on business contract translation. By adopting the topdown approach first advocated by Christian Nord as the dominant principle, the author intends to find out translation strategies which are able to realize the translation skopos and text functions of contracts at macro level. Then, under the guidance of functionalism, the author makes study of contract translation methods in the bottomup process in dealing with the linguistic features of contract at the micro level to make the translation version precise and accurate. The paper is posed of five chapters. Chapter one is to introduce the present situation of the EC international business contract translation, analyzing the causes of the unsatisfactory contract translation and emphasizing the necessity of the current research.Chapter two introduces the definitions and classification of contract and reveals general features and the functions of the international business English contracts. The author points out that the first step is a full understanding of a contract when do contract translation.Chapter three makes a detailed parison between English and Chinese business contracts as to similarities and differences at three levels. Similarities: 1 ) at the lexical level: frequent use of archaic words, formal or legal words and unique terminologies。 vContentsAcknowledgements i摘 要 iiABSTRACT ivChapter One: Introduction 1Chapter Two: Overview of International Business Contracts 3 Definition of Contract 3 Classification of Contract 4 General Features of Contract’s 4 Functions of Contract 5Chapter Three: A Comparison between English and Chinese Contracts 7 Lexical Comparison 7 Frequent Employment of Archaic Words 8 Careful Choice of Legal Words 8 Special Terminologies 9 Preference for the Parallel Synonyms in English Contracts 9 Syntactic Comparison 10 Word Forms 10 Phrase Type 12 Sentence Type 14 Characteristic Sentence Type 14 Distinctive Sentence Structures 14 Textual Comparison 14Chapter Four: The Functionalist Translation Theory 16 The Development of Functionalism 16 Katharina Reiss’ Translation—Oriented Text Typology 16 Justa HolzManttfir