【正文】 液壓缸；4—斗桿；5—鏟斗液壓缸；6—鏟斗；7—連桿；8—搖桿 如圖12所示。反鏟液壓挖掘機的工作過程為：先下放動臂至挖掘位置，然后轉動斗桿及鏟斗，當挖掘至裝滿鏟斗時，提升動臂使鏟斗離開土壤，邊提升邊回轉至卸載位置，轉斗卸出土壤，然后再回轉至工作位置開始下一次作業(yè)循環(huán)。反鏟動臂分為整體式和組合式兩類。一般說，長期用于作業(yè)相似的反鏟采用整體式動臂結構比較合適。鏟斗的作業(yè)對象繁多，作業(yè)條件也不同，用一個鏟斗來適應任何作業(yè)對象和條件較困難。挖硬土或碎石時還能把石塊從土壤中耙出。 角1：動臂油缸兩鉸點分別與動臂下鉸點連線夾角的最小值 角2：動臂油缸兩鉸點分別與動臂下鉸點連線夾角的最:大值在ABC中： 當L1=L1max 動臂擺角的范圍動臂參數(shù)計算取動臂彎角為，取=（動臂長與斗桿長之比），據(jù)經(jīng)驗公式最大挖掘半徑一般等于動臂長，斗桿長和鏟斗長三者之和。Pro/E的參數(shù)式有以下四個特征.1 三維實體模型 三維實體模型除了可以將用戶的設計概念以最真實的模型在計算機上呈現(xiàn)出來之外，用戶可隨時計算出產(chǎn)品的體積、面積、質量中心、重量、慣性矩等，用以了解產(chǎn)品的真實性。對液壓挖掘機反鏟工作裝置的零件進行三維實體造型幾乎要用到Pro/ E中所有的常用操作方法,如拉伸、旋轉、切割、倒角、以及圓角等常用操作命令。圖48 斗桿輪廓的建模圖49 與動臂油缸連接處 圖410 與鏟斗連接處 圖411斗桿的整體建模完成草繪拉伸輪廓，然后抽殼，形成外形輪廓。表41Pro/E連接方式的解釋說明名稱符號自由度操作方式解釋說明適用于平移旋轉剛性00由組件及元件選幾何圖元，直至完全約束 住兩個零件粘合在一起，相當于固定住元件底座的整體裝配銷釘01選連個軸，再選兩個平面元件只能繞軸旋轉液壓缸底部圓孔滑動桿10選兩個邊或軸，再選兩個平面元件只能沿著一個邊或一個軸平移斗桿液壓缸圓柱11選兩個軸元件沿著一個軸平移，且繞著此軸旋轉液壓柱頂部圓孔平面21選兩個平面元件沿著平面移動，且繞著平面的垂直方向旋轉機艙和底座球03選個點元件可以在這個點任意旋轉焊接00選2個坐標系兩個元件粘合在一起 裝配的過程 圖420 機倉的裝配 圖421 動臂的裝配底座裝配主要是面對齊、匹配，動臂裝配主要是銷釘、軸對齊、匹配。本文全部采用的是運動軸伺服電動機。這些動作的完成是由動臂液壓缸、斗桿液壓缸、鏟斗液壓缸在17個伺服電動機的驅動下進行的。現(xiàn)在描述下運動仿真回放的過程。但是對其內部結構及基本原理，知之甚少。我的畢業(yè)設計是第一次完全自己動手，從零開始，設計個較為完整的機械。在畢業(yè)設計完成之際，在此我向王雷老師表示我最衷心的感謝。2011[9]朱輝，唐保寧，[M].上海：[10]侯洪生. 機械工程圖學[M] 北京： 科學出版社,2001[11]同濟大學,太原重型機械學院等編著. 單斗液壓挖掘機[M]. 北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 1983[12]高衡,張全根. 液壓挖掘機[M]. 北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 1981[13]粱俊有，李洪波. CAD工程設計[M]. 呼和浩特： 遠方出版社, [14] /[M].北京:[15]孫桓，[M].北京：[16] ]李世國等，Pro/E Wildfire中文版范例教程[M].北京：[17]. Cognitive force control of excavators[M] .ASCE J. Aerosp. Eng., 6 (2) (1993), pp. 148–158[18] M. Hiller, M. Schnider. Modeling, simulation and control of flexible manipulators[M]. Eur. J. Mech. A, Solids, 16 (1997), pp. 127–150 (Special Issue)[19] W. Gutkowski, M. Ch?osta. Sensitivity of the bucket motion in controlled excavation[J].CD Proc. ANC 8th Int. Topical Meeting on Robotics and Remote Systems, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1999)[20],. Experiment on a stable motion of the backhoe excavator bucket[M]. Proc. 18th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Krak243。Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. s Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentine39。rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongol