【正文】 以 f或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加 s，如： belief——beliefs, roof——roofs, safe——safes, gulf——gulfs； b. 去 f， fe 加 ves，如： half——halves, knife——knives, leaf——leaves, wolf——wolves, wife——wives, life——lives, thief——thieves； c. 均可，如： handkerchief： handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 三、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1） child——children, foot——feet, tooth—teeth, mouse——mice, man——men, woman——women 注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其 復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 men 和 women. 如： an Englishman， two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans； Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是 the Bowmans. 2）單復(fù)同形 如： ? deer， sheep， fish， Chinese， Japanese ? li， jin， yuan， two li， three mu， four jin ? 但除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如 boat, chair, desk, apple等可數(shù)名詞 集體名詞：表示一群人或一些事物的總稱。如 health, help, work, 。 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。其中只有名詞的所有格有形式變化。s and Mike D. Tom and Mike ( )5. The box is made of a kind of hard _______. A. wooden B. wood C. woods D. word ( )6. Can you see some _______ on the hill? A. sheeps and deers B. sheeps and deer C. sheep and deers D. sheep and deer ( )7. How many _______ shall we pay for the special service? A. money B. yuans C. dollars D. pound ( )8. Would you like some _______? Thank you, but I am not hungry. A. breads B. cakes C. oranges D. orange juice ( )9. There are few _______ for supper. Would you please buy some carrots and cabbages on your way home? A. meat B. eggs C. fruit D. vegetables ( )10. Would you like some _______? Oh, yes, just a little please. A. pears B. apples C. bananas D. milk 冠詞 一、不定冠詞 a, an a用在輔音音素開頭的詞前 eg. a book, a useful book, a “u” an用于元音開頭的詞前 . eg. an apple, an hour, an “F” 不定冠詞的用法： 1 指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3 表示 “ 每一 ” 相當(dāng)于 every， one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相當(dāng)于 the same We are nearly of an age. 5 用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. 6 用于固定詞組中 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7 用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one. 8 用于 so (as, too, how)+形容詞之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 二、定冠詞 the ? 1 表示某一類人或物 The horse is a useful animal. ? 2 用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean ? 3 表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? ? 4 用于樂器前面 play the violin, play the guitar ? 5 用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人 the reach, the living, the wounded， the sick, the old ? 6 表示“一家人”或“夫婦” (加在姓氏 前 ) the Greens, the Wangs ? 7 用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前 He is the taller of the two children. ? 8 用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French ? 9 用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前 The pass was invented in China. ? 10 在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個 年代 in the 1990’s ? 11 用于表示單位的名詞前 I hired the car by the hour. ? 12 用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示 時間的詞組前 He patted me on the shoulder. 三 . 零冠詞的用法 ? 1 專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名 Beijing, University, Jack, China, love, air 地名等名詞前 Have you ever been to Shanghai? ? 2 名詞前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? ? 3 季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring. It is hot in summer. ? 4 表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前 Lincoln was made President of America. ? 5 學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前 He likes playing football/chess. We study English. ? 6 與 by連用表示交通工具的名詞前 by train, by air, by land ? 7 以 and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night ? 8 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 Horses are useful animals. ? 9 名詞前已有用作定語的 this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時，不用冠詞 That is her bike. ? 10 在某些固定詞組的名詞前 at home, at