【正文】
砂石骨料配制混凝土。結(jié)構(gòu)加固中常用的主要有以下幾種方法:在構(gòu)件上外包型鋼、粘貼鋼板加固;在構(gòu)件上增設(shè)支撐點(diǎn)加固;在構(gòu)件上施加預(yù)應(yīng)力加固等。在氣溫高、濕度低、風(fēng)速大的天氣應(yīng)及早覆蓋、噴水霧養(yǎng)護(hù),并適當(dāng)延長養(yǎng)護(hù)時(shí)間。 預(yù)防結(jié)構(gòu)受外部約束引起的混凝土溫度裂縫,一般可采取以下幾方面的技術(shù)措施: 選用低熱或中熱水泥(如礦渣水泥、抗硫酸鹽水泥、粉煤灰水泥)配制混凝土;在混凝土中摻加粉煤灰或減水劑;利用后期( 90d、 180d)強(qiáng)度以降低水泥用量和溫升;在基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)預(yù)埋冷卻水管,通入循環(huán)冷水,將水化熱導(dǎo)出;在厚度大、少筋、大體積混凝土中,摻入 20%以下塊石吸熱,并可節(jié)省混凝土用量。 避免降溫與干縮共同作用導(dǎo)致的應(yīng)力疊加;在混凝 土中摻加水泥用量5%10%的 VEA 混凝土微膨脹劑,以抵消由于干縮和降溫引起的混凝土收縮,控制混凝土開裂。采用翻轉(zhuǎn)脫模時(shí)應(yīng)平穩(wěn),防止劇烈沖擊和振動(dòng),并應(yīng)在平整堅(jiān)實(shí)的鋪砂地面上進(jìn)行;預(yù)應(yīng)力構(gòu)件預(yù)留孔時(shí)管芯要平直,混凝土澆筑后定時(shí)( 15min 左右)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鋼管,抽管時(shí)間以手壓混凝土表面不顯印痕為宜,抽管時(shí)應(yīng)平穩(wěn)緩慢;胎模應(yīng)選用有效的隔離劑,起模前先用斤頂均勻松動(dòng),再平緩起吊;構(gòu)件堆放要按支承受力狀態(tài)設(shè)置墊木,重疊堆放時(shí),支點(diǎn)應(yīng)保持在一條直線上,同時(shí)做好標(biāo)記,避免板、梁、柱構(gòu)件反放;運(yùn)輸中,構(gòu)件之間 設(shè)置墊木并互相綁牢,防止晃動(dòng)碰撞;屋架、柱等大型構(gòu)件吊裝,應(yīng)按規(guī)定設(shè)置吊點(diǎn);吊裝屋架等側(cè)向剛度差的構(gòu)件時(shí),應(yīng)用腳手架橫向加固,并設(shè)牽引繩,防止吊裝過程中晃動(dòng)、碰撞;混凝土冬期施工在摻加氯鹽早強(qiáng)劑,同時(shí)也應(yīng)摻加亞硝酸鈉阻銹劑(為水泥質(zhì)量的 1%2%);滑動(dòng)模板應(yīng)確保安裝尺寸和質(zhì)量,施工中若因某種原因停滑時(shí)間過長,應(yīng)松開模板后再滑升,以防止拉裂混凝土。 additional support points on the ponent reinforcement。 thickness less gluten, mass concrete, mixed with 20% stone absorbs heat, and can save concrete usage. 2, to avoid the hot weather and pouring concrete at night. Low temperature water mixing concrete, sand and gravel, coldwater mist cooling, or set a simple shading devices to reduce the concrete mixture temperature. By TLC pouring concrete at the same time, each layer thickness less than 30cm, heat dissipation and heat distribution. 3, good insulation of the concrete, moisture conservation, slow cooling, to give full play to the characteristics of creep, reducing thermal stress。 mixing cement in the concrete amount of 5% 10% of the VEA concrete microexpanders to counteract the control concrete cracking due to shrinkage and cooling caused by concrete shrinkage. 7 ,dualcontrol puting measures taken before the pouring of concrete construction conditions and to be taken crack prevention control measures, calculate the maximum possible cooling contraction of tensile stress, when found to exceed the calculated age of concrete tensile strength, adjustment measures taken to control the stress within the allowable range。 prestressed concrete members not prematurely put the sheets in order to reduce shrinkage and creep deformation to improve the crack resistance of。 concrete in winter construction chlorine mixed with salt as early strength agent, Gaja nitrate should also be doped with rust inhibitor (1% 2% of the cement quality)。 ponents stacked according to the branch the affordability of state set the skids, overlapping stacking, the fulcrum should be kept in a straight line, while marked, to avoid the boards, beams and columns Antiput。 summer concrete pouring as much as possible when the temperature is cooler morning or evening。 strengthen concrete vibrators, concrete pacting and tensile strength。 bulk structure, when concrete and the outside temperature difference, heat conservation, proper removal time by the Director, the temperature control at 25 ℃ or less. Prevention of structural concrete temperature cracking caused by external constraints, the general technical measures can be taken to the following aspects: 1,A selection of low heat or hot cement (such as slag cement, sulfate resistant cement, fly ash cement) in preparing the concrete。 prevention。 在工程施工中,一般采取的措施為:在混凝土施工時(shí)應(yīng)注意布點(diǎn)下料的位置盡量要少;振搗下層鋼筋時(shí)可輕輕地對(duì)上部鋼筋進(jìn)行振動(dòng),盡量減少上部鋼筋粘帶水泥漿;澆筑混凝土以前可對(duì)鋼筋及模板用水濕潤,降低鋼筋及模板的溫度;夏季混凝土澆筑盡量選在早晨或晚間溫度較涼爽時(shí);施工時(shí)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制鋼筋的保護(hù)層厚度。 做好混凝土的保溫、保濕養(yǎng)護(hù),緩慢降溫,充分發(fā)揮徐變特性,削減溫度應(yīng)力;夏季避免曝曬,冬季保溫覆蓋。 適當(dāng)選擇配合比,避免水 灰比、水泥用量、砂率過大、嚴(yán)格控制砂、石的含泥量,避免使用粉砂,以提高混凝土抗拉強(qiáng)度。以達(dá)到封閉裂縫的目的。通常的處理措施是在裂縫的表面涂抹水泥漿、環(huán)氧膠泥或在混凝土表面涂刷油漆、瀝青等防腐材料,在防護(hù)的同時(shí)為了防止混凝土受各種作用的影響繼續(xù)開裂,采用在裂縫的表面粘貼玻璃纖維布的方法,當(dāng)混凝土表面裂縫數(shù)量較多,分布面較廣時(shí),常采用增加一層水泥砂漿或細(xì)石混凝土整體面層的方法處理,同時(shí)整體面層內(nèi)宜配置雙向鋼絲網(wǎng)。二是選用低堿水泥和無堿外加劑。五是在混凝土中 摻加一定量的緩凝劑,推遲熱峰的出現(xiàn)時(shí)間。長短邊比例較大的梁板結(jié)構(gòu),裂縫多平行于短邊,沿著長邊分段出現(xiàn),中間較密、較寬。原地基土必須密實(shí)、均勻,并達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求的承載能力;回填土嚴(yán)格按規(guī)范規(guī)定分層夯實(shí),達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求的壓實(shí)系數(shù)。表面因失水過快而產(chǎn)生的收縮。 關(guān)鍵詞:混凝土;裂縫;預(yù)防;處理 1 前言 建筑工程施工中,如果混凝土構(gòu)件出現(xiàn)裂縫,就會(huì)影響混凝土構(gòu)件的剛度和建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)的整體抵抗能力,即使裂縫的出現(xiàn)不會(huì)導(dǎo)致混凝土構(gòu)件的破壞或建筑物的倒塌,也會(huì)影響到建筑外觀,當(dāng)裂縫寬度超出一定限度時(shí),也會(huì)造成鋼筋銹蝕,影響結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的耐久性能。本文介紹混凝土工程施工中幾種常見裂縫的預(yù)防、控制方法及裂縫的處理措施,對(duì)混凝土工程的施工有一定的 參考 價(jià)值。一般在干熱和大風(fēng)天氣裂縫較為常見,形狀多為中間寬、兩端細(xì)、互不連貫且長短不一,較長的裂縫可達(dá) 2m- 3m,寬度可達(dá) ,嚴(yán)重影響混凝土的抗?jié)B性和耐久性。二是在基坑或地基周圍做好防護(hù)措施,防止地基被水浸泡。裂縫的寬度受溫度變化影響較大,冬季較寬,夏季較窄。六是加強(qiáng)混凝土溫度的監(jiān)控,及時(shí)采取冷卻或保溫措施,減小混凝土的內(nèi)外溫差。三是選用能抑制堿骨料反應(yīng)的摻和料。 混凝土置換法 混凝土置換法是處理嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞混凝土的一種有效方法,此方法是先將損壞 的混凝土剔除干凈、潤濕,然后涂刷結(jié)合層,最后再置換入新的高一級(jí)標(biāo)號(hào)混凝土或其他材料。常用的塑性材料有聚氯乙烯膠泥、塑料油膏、丁基橡膠等等;常用的剛性止水材料為聚合物水泥砂漿。 構(gòu)件長期露天堆放時(shí),應(yīng)繼續(xù)適當(dāng)灑水或覆蓋養(yǎng)護(hù),以便有較長的保濕養(yǎng)護(hù)時(shí)間,特別是薄壁構(gòu)件,應(yīng)放在陰涼的地方覆蓋堆放。采取長時(shí)間養(yǎng)護(hù),規(guī)定合理的拆模時(shí)間,充分發(fā)揮混凝土的“應(yīng)力松弛效應(yīng)”;混凝土拆模后,及時(shí)回填土,避免結(jié)構(gòu)側(cè)面長期暴露。 徐變裂縫的控制 適當(dāng)加大端頭截面高度,配置承受水平力鋼筋、放射式配筋或彎起構(gòu)造筋(彎起方向平等于主拉應(yīng)力)。 processing 1. Foreword Building construction, concrete structures, cracks, it will affect the stiffness of the concrete structures and the overall resistance of the structure of the building, even if the cracks do not lead to the destruction of concrete structures or building collapse will affect the exterior of the buildingwhen the crack width exceeds a certain limit, can also cause corrosion, durability of structural elements. This article describes several mon cracks in the concrete construction of prevention measures, control methods and cracks on the concrete construction has a certain reference value. 2. Common cracks Category Concrete cracks are many reasons, the situation is more plicated, more a bination of fact