【正文】 e arranged far away from the module and the pressure plate in the area, so the operator39。 many advanced mold technology not widely so, resulting in a considerable number of large, sophisticated, plex and long Die life with dependence on imports. With the continuous progress of science and technology, modern industrial production of increasingly plex and diverse, product performance and quality is ever increasing, thus the cold stamping technology put forward higher requirements. In order to adapt to the cold stamping technology industry needs, cold stamping technology itself also in innovation and development. cold stamping technology idea is to improve and expand as much as possible the advantages of the cold stamping process, to overe its shortings. in the cold stamping technology development, should note the following aspects: (1) cold stamping technology process parameters should be properly identified and Die with the work of some of the shape and size, to improve the quality of stamping parts and shorten the new product production cycle should be in strengthening the metal forming the basis of theoretical studies, to metal forming theory to practice can produce a direction, and gradually establish a close connection with the actual production of the advanced process of calculation. abroad have begun to use plastic finite element method, automobile parts forming process of the stress and strain analysis and puter simulation to predict the forming part of a process plan on the possibilities and potential problems. (2) to accelerate product replacement, mold design to overe the shortings of a long cycle. Should vigorously carry out puteraided design and manufacture of molds (CAD / CAM) Research. In my country, paying particular attention to strengthening the multiposition progressive die CAD / CAM Technology. (3) to meet the needs of mass production, and reduce labor intensity. Should strengthen cold stamping of mechanized and automated, so that the average, small pieces of highspeed presses in a multiposition progressive die production, production reached a high degree of automation to further improve stamping productivity. (4) expand the scope of application of cold stamping production. So cold pressing both s uitable for mass production, but also for small batch production。 （ 2）彎曲模 使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿著直線（彎曲線）產(chǎn)生彎曲變形，從而獲得一定角度和形狀的工件的模具。 冷沖壓模具是一種應(yīng)用于模具行業(yè)冷沖壓模具及其配件所需高性能結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷材料的制備方法，高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料由氧化鋯、氧化釔粉中加鋁、鐠元素構(gòu)成，制備工藝是將氧化鋯 溶液、氧化釔溶液、氧化鐠溶液、氧化鋁溶液按一定比例混合配成母液，滴入碳酸氫銨，采用共沉淀方法合成模具及其配件陶瓷材料所需的原材料，反應(yīng)生成的沉淀經(jīng)濾水、干燥，煅燒得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料超微粉，再經(jīng)過成型、燒結(jié)、精加工，便得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料。 3．壓料、卸料及出料零件壓料零件有壓邊圈、壓料板等。其作用是保證凸凹模在沖壓工作時有精確的配合間隙。這時墊板最好與模板之間用螺釘連接在一起，兩墊板的厚度應(yīng)絕對相等。 近年許多冷沖模具企業(yè)加大了用于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度，將技術(shù)進(jìn)步視為企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要動力。 (2)加快產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代 ,克服模具設(shè)計(jì)周期長的缺點(diǎn) .應(yīng)大力開展模具計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和制造 (CAD/CAM)技術(shù)的研究 .在我國 ,目前要特別注意加強(qiáng)多工位級進(jìn)模 CAD/CAM 技術(shù)的研究。除此之外，還有沖模的安裝、調(diào)整、使用以及維修等。間隙太大，會增加凸模與凹模端面邊緣的集中應(yīng)力，致使壓應(yīng)力急劇增加，于是刃口邊很快屈服變形而失去棱角。冷沖壓材料塑性不好，變形量小，沖壓時制件易破裂，也易擦傷模具。因此，在選用材料時，應(yīng)根據(jù)制件的批量大小，合理選用模具材料。有的沖模硬度不宜過高，如采用 Crl2MoV 制造凹模硬度為 58～ 62HRC 時，一般壽命為 2— 3 萬件，失效形式是崩刃和開裂以及如果將硬度降到 54～ 58HRC，壽命提高到 5～ 6萬件，但硬度降低到 50～ 53HRC 會出現(xiàn)凹模刃口易磨鈍現(xiàn)象。模具表面強(qiáng)化處理方法很多，表面處理的新技術(shù)工藝發(fā)展很快。 5．其他方面對模具壽命的 影響 (1)壓力機(jī)的精度不高，也易使沖模損壞。 。 (3)沖模的保管和維護(hù)好壞，以及使用潤滑劑的情況，也影響模具使用壽命。經(jīng) CVD 和 PVD 處理后，模具表面覆蓋一層超硬物質(zhì)，如 TiC、 TiN 等。應(yīng)使硬度、強(qiáng)度、韌性及耐磨性、耐疲勞強(qiáng)度等達(dá)到特定沖壓工序所需要的最佳配合。但并不是硬度愈高、模具壽命愈長。因?yàn)橐桓睕_模適用于一定材料的厚度，成形、彎曲、翻邊、引伸模具的凸、凹模結(jié)構(gòu)間隙是直接根據(jù)材料厚度來確定的。但為了減小凸、凹模的磨損，延長模具使用壽命，在保證沖裁件質(zhì)量的前提下，設(shè)計(jì)時適當(dāng)采用較大間隙是十分必要的。從節(jié)約材料出發(fā)，搭邊值愈小愈好，但搭邊值小于一定數(shù)值后，對模具壽命和剪切表面質(zhì)量不利。 (4)擴(kuò)大冷沖壓生 產(chǎn)的運(yùn)用范圍 .使冷沖壓既適合大量生產(chǎn) ,也適合小批量生產(chǎn) 。 以汽車覆蓋件模具為代表的大型沖壓模具的制造技術(shù)已取得很大進(jìn)步，東風(fēng)汽車公司模具廠、一汽模具中心等模具廠家已能生產(chǎn)部分轎車覆蓋件模具。 6．緊固零件它包括螺釘、螺母、彈簧、柱銷、墊圈等，一般都采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件。導(dǎo)柱設(shè)在下模座，要保證在沖程下死點(diǎn)時，導(dǎo)柱的上端面在上模板頂面以上最少 5 至 10 毫米。壓料板的作用是防止坯料移動和彈跳。 冷沖模具主要零件 冷沖模具是沖壓加工的主要工藝裝備，沖壓制件就是靠上、下模具的相 對運(yùn)動來完成的。 （ 4）成形模 是將毛坯或半成品工件按圖凸、凹模的形狀直接復(fù)制成形，而材料本身僅產(chǎn)生局部塑性變形的模具。 with Crl2MoV nitriding, the life of up to 40 million. Therefore, the choice of materials, the batch size should be based on workpiece, rational use of mold materials. The hardness of the die parts to Die Life a great impact. But not the higher hardness, longer die life. This is because the hardness and strength, toughness and abrasion resistance are closely related. Some die demands of high hardness, long life. Such as the use of T10 steel dies, hardness 54 ~ 58HRC, only washed thousands of times a burr on the workpiece great. If the hardness to 60 ~ 64HRC, the grinding life of up to 2 to 3 million. However, if continue to improve hardness, fracture occurs earlier. Some die hardness should not be too high, as the die manufacturing using Crl2MoV 58 ~ 62HRC hardness, the general life of 23 million, invalid form of chipping and cracking, and if the hardness down to 54 ~ 58HRC, life expectancy increased to 5 ~ 60 000, but decreased to 50 ~ 53HRC hardness appears easy to blunt the die edge phenomenon. Thus, mold hardness must be based on material properties and failure modes may be. Should enable the hardness, strength, toughness and wear resistance, resistance to fatigue strength needed to achieve a particular stamping process the best match. 3. The surface of the mold heat treatment to strengthen the quality and impact on life Mold heat treatment the nature and quality of life of the mold a great impact. Practice shows that the die parts of the quenching distortion and cracking, early fr