【正文】 真正獲益。ERP 項(xiàng)目實(shí)施成功因素和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 參考國(guó)外的一些文獻(xiàn)資料，一個(gè)成功的 ERP 項(xiàng)目，往往要花費(fèi)數(shù)年時(shí)間，數(shù)千萬(wàn)美元得以完成。而對(duì)于那些最后的幸存者，是否就可以還戟入倉(cāng)，飲酒高歌呢？ 事實(shí)上，企業(yè)在成功實(shí)施 ERP 項(xiàng)目后，將面對(duì)較實(shí)施前更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 對(duì)項(xiàng)目不利的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)存在于任何項(xiàng)目中，并往往會(huì)給項(xiàng)目的推進(jìn)和項(xiàng)目的成功帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響。 需要注意的是，并非所有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都可以通過(guò)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別來(lái)進(jìn)行管理。這種影響可能是時(shí)間上的，可能是成本上的，也可能是其他各方面的。 2）保證風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)計(jì)劃的執(zhí)行并評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)計(jì)劃執(zhí)行效果?！痹?ERP 項(xiàng)目的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別過(guò)程中，可以以項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃為線索，識(shí)別項(xiàng)目在各方面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 因此， ERP 項(xiàng)目合同中，應(yīng)對(duì)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施范 圍做盡可能清晰的界定，切不可停留在“實(shí)施財(cái)務(wù)模塊”或是“實(shí)施應(yīng)收、應(yīng)付、總賬管理”之類的層面上。 事實(shí)上，很多項(xiàng)目的失敗，正是起因于項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度出現(xiàn)拖延，而導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)士氣低落，效率低下。應(yīng) 將參與 ERP項(xiàng)目人員的業(yè)績(jī)?cè)u(píng)估與 ERP項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的狀況相關(guān)聯(lián)，明確 ERP 項(xiàng)目是在該階段項(xiàng)目相關(guān)人員最重要的本職工作；制定適當(dāng)?shù)莫?jiǎng)懲措施；在企業(yè)中建立“一把手工程”的思想，層層“一把手”，即各級(jí)負(fù)責(zé)人針對(duì) ERP 實(shí)施向下行使全權(quán)、對(duì)上擔(dān)負(fù)全責(zé)，將一把手從個(gè)體概念延伸到有機(jī)結(jié)合的群體概念。 4）定期召集項(xiàng)目干系人召開項(xiàng)目會(huì)議，對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)狀況進(jìn)行評(píng)估，并通過(guò)各方面對(duì)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的反應(yīng)來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)新風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。s product, has actually goes down the god world tendency. ERP leader SAP also promoted Business the One product, the price has been lower than 100, if the ERP software can achieve free, or like the IBM esteem according to the boundary which must collect fees, implements the angle from the entire enterprise, considers the personnel, training, the maintenance, the service reorganization, the redevelopment, three, n development, its expense should also in several 1,000,000 and even surely the scale. This speaking of the domestic enterprise, already was not the small number. But, some many enterprises harbor the beautiful dream, steps the ERP implementation the difficult travel. In which also has many projects to be defeated es to an end. But regarding these final survivors, whether can the halberd be also put in storage, drinks wine to sing loudly? In fact, the enterprise implements the ERP project after the success will face implements a bigger risk. In future five to ten years in, some solid ERP risk management mechanism had decided whether the enterprise can obtain benefits truly in the initial ERP investment. In 1998 Thomas has published named Puts in Enterprise System the article in the Harvard merce mentary (Putting the enterprise into the enterprise system).This article proposed systematically the enterprise system, or called the ERP system the operation brings for the enterprise positive and negative directs the sound. Simultaneously also directly proposed the future enterprise will have to face a risk: Puts in the enterprise system the entire enterprise the risk. According to US Project management Association to the risk the definition, the risk is refers to the project advantageous or the disadvantageous element of certainty. The project is for pletes the disposable endeavor which some unique product or the service station do, the project the distinctive quality had decided the project not impossible was by with the before identical way, simultaneously, the project which pleted by and the before identical person must create the product or the service, as well as the project possibly involved the scope, the time and the cost all not impossible started when the project pletely to determine, therefore, carried on in the process in the project also corresponding to be able to appear the massive uncertainty, namely project risk. Below this article mentioned the risk is refers to the project disadvantageously the element of certainty. Exists to the project disadvantageous risk in any project, often and can give the project the advancement and the project success brings the negative influence. Once the risk occurs, its influence is various, like causes the project product/service the function to be unable to satisfy the customer the need, the project expense surpasses the budget, the project plan dragging or is pelled to cancel and so on, it finally manifests for customer degree of satisfaction depression. Therefore, the recognition risk, the appraisal risk and take the measure to be supposed to be the risk management have the extremely vital significance to the risk to the project management. Ⅰ Risk management concrete content The project risk management mainly divides into following several steps: The risk recognition, the qualitative/quota risk analysis, the risk should to plan the establishment and the risk monitoring. 1. risk recognitions The risk recognition, is refers distinguishes and records possibly has the adverse effect to the project the factor. Because the project is in develops in unceasingly the change process, therefore the risk recognition also passes through in the entire project implementation entire process, but is not merely the project initial stage. The risk recognition is not the disposable work, but need more systems, crosswise thought. Possesses nearly about the project plan and the information all possibly takes the risk recognition the basis, like project progress and cost plan, work deposition structure, project organizational structure, project scope, similar project historical information and so on. Needs to pay attention, all risks all may carry on the management by no means through the risk recognition. The risk recognition only can discover the known risk (for example: In the known project organization some member ability cannot satisfy the request pletely) or the known unknown risk (knownunknown, namely event name known, like customer side personnel participates in dynamics being insufficient)。s remarkable quality, smoothly has assisted the world effectively with the metal political line work. Starts from the political line then to have special consultant to be responsible to induct the implementation entire the plan, the longterm accumulation profession knowledge and the managerial experience have also promoted the entire ERP operation level, has properly dealt with in the political line work issue. The user has the int