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而開發(fā)用戶界面的工作量極大,用戶界面成為計算機軟件研制中最困難的部分之一。 (4)內(nèi)裝高性能 PLC 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)內(nèi)裝高性能 PLC控制模塊,可直接用梯形圖或高級語言編程,具有 直觀的在線調(diào)試和在線幫助功能。通過提高集成電路密度、減少互連長度和數(shù)量來降低產(chǎn)品價格,改進性能,減小組件尺寸,提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性。加工過程中采用開放式通用型實時動態(tài)全閉環(huán)控制模式,易于將計算機實時智能技術、網(wǎng)絡技術、多媒體技術、CAD/CAM、伺服控制、自適應控制、動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)管理及動態(tài)刀具補償、動態(tài)仿真等高新技術融于一體,構成嚴密的制造過程閉環(huán)控制體 系,從而實現(xiàn)集成化、智能化、網(wǎng)絡化。通過機床聯(lián)網(wǎng),可在任何一臺機床上對其它機床進行編程、設定、操作、運行,不同機床的畫面可同時顯示在每一臺機床的屏幕上。 體系結構的發(fā)展 (1)集成化 采用高度集成化 CPU、 RISC芯片和大規(guī)模可編程集 成電路 FPGA、EPLD、 CPLD以及專用集成電路 ASIC芯片,可提高數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的集成度和軟硬件運行速度??梢暬夹g與虛擬環(huán)境技術相結合,進一步拓寬了應用領域,如無圖紙設計、虛擬樣機技術等,這對縮短產(chǎn)品設計周期、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低產(chǎn)品成本具有重要意義??茖W技術發(fā)展到今天,實時系統(tǒng)和人工智 能相互結合,人工智能正向著具有實時響應的、更現(xiàn)實的領域發(fā)展,而實時系統(tǒng)也朝著具有智能行為的、更加復雜的應用發(fā)展,由此產(chǎn)生了實時智能控制這一新的領域。 2 數(shù)控技術發(fā)展趨勢 性能發(fā)展方向 (1)高速高精高效化速度、精度和效率是機械制造技術的關鍵性能指標。在現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)中,數(shù)控技術是關鍵技術,它集微電子、計算機、信息處理、自動檢測、自動控制等高新技術于一體,具有高精度、高效率、柔性自動化等特點,對制造業(yè)實現(xiàn)柔性自動化、集成化、智能化起著舉足輕重的作用。s CNC system for traditional closed architecture, but only as a nonintelligent CNC machine controller. Process variables based on experience in the form of prefixed parameters, processing procedures before the actual processing by hand or through CAD / CAM and automatic programming system prepared. CAD / CAM and CNC have no feedback control link, the entire manufacturing process CNC is a closed ringopening implementing agencies. In a plex and changing environment under the conditions of processing tool in the process of position, workpiece material, spindle speed, feed rate, tool path, cutting depth, step, allowance and other processing parameters, not at the scene circumstances under external interference and realtime dynamic random factors, not by random amendment feedback control link CAD / CAM settings volume, in turn, affect the work of CNC machining efficiency and product quality. Clearly, the traditional fixed CNC system that controlled mode and closed architecture, limiting the CNC to the development of more intelligent control variables, can no longer meet the increasingly plex manufacturing process, therefore, the CNC technology in the potential for change inevitable. 2 CNC technology development trends Performance development direction (1) highspeed highprecision efficient speed, accuracy and efficiency of machinery manufacturing technology is the key performance indicators. As a result of the highspeed CPU chips, RISC chip, as well as multiCPU control system with highresolution detector of the absolute exchange digital servo system, taken at the same time improve the machine dynamic and static characteristics of effective measures, the highspeed highprecision machine has been efficient greatly enhanced. (2) Flexible includes two aspects: CNC system itself flexibility, NC system is modular in design, functional coverage, can be cut and strong, and easy to meet the needs of different users。 CAD/CAM和 CNC之間沒有反饋控制環(huán)節(jié),整個制造過程中 CNC只是一個封閉式的開環(huán)執(zhí)行機構。數(shù)控技術軸,西門子 880系統(tǒng)控制軸數(shù)可達 24軸。當前 INTERNET、虛擬現(xiàn)實、科學計算可視化及多媒體等技術也對用戶界面提出了更高要求。編程工具中包含用于車床銑床的標準 PLC用戶程序?qū)嵗脩艨稍跇藴?PLC用戶程序基礎上進行編輯修改,從而方便地建立自己的應用程序。 (2)模塊化 硬件模塊化易于實現(xiàn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的集成化和標準化。 。 (3)網(wǎng)絡化 機床聯(lián)網(wǎng)可進行遠程控制和無人化操作。在數(shù)控技術領域,應用多媒體技術可以做到信息處理綜合化、智能化,在實時監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場設備的故障診斷、生產(chǎn)過程參數(shù)監(jiān)測等方面有著重大的應用價值。 (2)科學計算可視化 科學計算可視化可用于高效處理