機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英文翻譯(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 輪有 30 齒，內(nèi)齒圈 72 齒，則速比為： Ratio = R/S = 72/30 = :1 因此 旋轉(zhuǎn)速率為負(fù)的 :1， 這 意味著 輸出方向同輸入的方向是相反的。 輸入是 小太陽(yáng)輪 ，內(nèi)齒圈 (大太陽(yáng) 輪 )由 鋼 帶 保持靜止，輸出是行星架。內(nèi)齒圈和行星輪固定使得它們作為一個(gè)整體旋轉(zhuǎn)，從而產(chǎn)生 1： 1 的速比。 Ratio = 1 / (1 + S/R) = 1 / ( 1 + 36/72) = :1 可得到，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸入旋轉(zhuǎn)速度為輸出的三分之二。 變速器中的離合器和鋼帶 在上一部分，我們討論了變速器是如何得到不同檔位的傳動(dòng)比的。 2021屆 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè) 外文翻譯 23 鋼帶 變速器中有兩條鋼帶，這兩條鋼帶事實(shí)上是包貼在齒輪組切面周圍的，并且連接到外殼，由變速器的液壓缸推動(dòng)執(zhí)行的。下圖所示 為 活塞和離合器從動(dòng)鼓，還要注意到活塞上的密封橡膠圈，當(dāng)變速器被重新修理裝配時(shí)，要求更換這個(gè)橡膠圈。在 任 一時(shí)刻，離合器和鋼帶的運(yùn)動(dòng)都是有液壓系統(tǒng)控制的。被壓縮的液壓油進(jìn)入離合器內(nèi)部的活塞，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)離合器。像這樣通過離合器與鋼帶的接合或不接合，每個(gè)齒輪運(yùn)動(dòng)都會(huì)觸發(fā)一系列的事件。這 是 由 變速器中的離合器和 鋼 帶完成的。 變速器中，當(dāng)加速時(shí)，聯(lián)接到變矩器的外 殼（用螺栓連接到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的飛輪）的軸通過離合器的接合連接到行星架， 小太陽(yáng)輪和大太陽(yáng)輪 與加速鋼帶同步 ， 渦輪不接其他東西，而變矩器的外殼作為輸出 。這樣的裝置實(shí)現(xiàn) 就比較容易 —— 我們所要做的就是接合離合器來(lái)鎖住太陽(yáng)輪中的一個(gè)。 行星架的第一級(jí)事實(shí)上是把大太陽(yáng)輪用作內(nèi)齒圈。 2021屆 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè) 外文翻譯 19 行星架 內(nèi)部 ：兩 個(gè) 行星輪 自動(dòng)變速檔位 第一檔 在一檔， 小太陽(yáng)輪在變矩器的渦輪驅(qū)動(dòng)下順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)。把兩套行星齒輪系置于一行，我們可以得到四個(gè)前進(jìn)檔和一個(gè)后退檔。 2021屆 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè) 外文翻譯 17 這是變速器中 其中 的一個(gè)行星齒輪系，內(nèi)齒圈齒數(shù)為 72，太陽(yáng)輪齒數(shù)為 30。變速器里其他的零 部件是協(xié)助行星輪系產(chǎn)生不同傳動(dòng)比的。這樣 汽車很快就會(huì)損害，而且?guī)缀鯚o(wú)法駕駛。 雖然自動(dòng)變速器（包括液力變矩器）與手動(dòng)變速器（包括離合器）完成的 功能 是相同的，但它們卻是以完全不 同 的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。s go back to our chart again, this time with the pla carrier for input, the sun gear fixed and the ring gear for output. Ratio = 1 / (1 + S/R) = 1 / ( 1 + 36/72) = :1 So the output spins once for every twothirds of a rotation of the engine. If the engine is turning at 2021 rotations per minute (RPM), the output speed is 3000 RPM. This allows cars to drive at freeway speed while the engine speed stays nice and slow. Reverse Reverse is very similar to first gear, except that instead of the small sun gear being driven by the torque converter turbine, the bigger sun gear is driven, and the small one freewheels in the opposite direction. The pla carrier is held by the reverse band to the housing. So, according to our equations from the last page, we have: Ratio = R/S = 72/36 = :1 So the ratio in reverse is a little less than first gear in this transmission. Gear Ratios This transmission has four forward gears and one reverse gear. Let39。ll put the two sets of gears together in the next section. Compound Plaary Gearset This automatic transmission uses a set of gears, called a pound plaary gearset, that looks like a single plaary gearset but actually behaves like two plaary gearsets bined. It has one ring gear that is always the output of the transmission, but it has two sun gears and two sets of plas. Let39。s primary job is to allow the engine to operate in its narrow range of speeds while providing a wide range of output speeds. Photo courtesy DaimlerChrysler MercedesBenz CLK, automatic transmission, cutaway model Without a transmission, cars would be limited to one gear ratio, and that ratio would have to be selected to allow the car to travel at the desired top speed. If you wanted a top speed of 80 mph, then the gear ratio would be similar to third gear in most manual transmission cars. You39。ll see how the transmission is put together, learn how the controls work and discuss some of the intricacies involved in controlling a transmission. Just like that of a manual transmission, the automatic transmission39。s take a look at a single plaary gearset. One of the plaary gearsets from our transmission has a ring gear with 72 teeth and a sun gear with 30 teeth. We can get lots of different gear ratios out of this gearset. Input Output Stationary Calculation Gear Ratio A Sun (S) Pla Carrier (C) Ring (R) 1 + R/S :1 B Pla Carrier (C) Ring (R) Sun (S) 1 / (1 + S/R) :1 C Sun (S) Ring (R) Pla Carrier (C) R/S :1 Also, locking any two of the three ponents together will lock up the whole device at a 1:1 gear reduction. Notice that the first gear ratio listed above is a reduction the output speed is slower than the input speed. The second is an overdrive the output speed is faster than the input speed. The last is a reduction again, but the output direction is reversed. There are several other ratios that can be gotten out of this plaary gear set, but these a
研究報(bào)告相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1