【正文】 練習(xí)：that 與 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some )Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been )She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a 分解 The man is a man is speaking at the plane is a machine that can is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語。.（把主句和從句連起來）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，：He was the first person that passed the 。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from 。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語可省略。Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this midterm ，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。在抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是沒有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以兩個(gè)詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you ：（1）使用as時(shí)，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的動(dòng)詞可以省略，但使用that時(shí)，定語從句中 的動(dòng)詞不可省略。如：A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you ’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)兩個(gè)定語從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)指人的先行詞，第二個(gè)定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo)，如：She is the only girl I know who can play the ，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，在下列情況中，一般用關(guān)系詞that:(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。 had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very ，這使他的父親很生氣。2． 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment a boy, he was always making things, most of which were ：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so ：why時(shí)常也可以省略。3． 作定語用whose, 如：(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that ：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語（如上a句），又能作賓語（如上b句）。 there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be有時(shí)可用live, stand, remain等代替。 be后接不定式時(shí)常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。There are two boys and a teacher at the school ，一個(gè)老師。，主句的主語是all,為抽象概念。關(guān)系代詞要用that，而不用which。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用such a……..,本題中such books, ,又表示物的名詞時(shí), thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 , whom作從句中met的賓語, could do , title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which which 引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for ”以……..而聞名., day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷?。.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。is 。what 。when way ______he looks at problems is D./ is the reason ______he didn39。/ B./。ll never which which factory ______we39。m interested in ______you have that what want to use the same dictionary ______was used isn39。who lost a book, ______I can39。that 。who 。what which。5．，在從句中作forget的賓語。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。改寫本句話：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last ，作表語的the school是先行詞。there be 小結(jié) ：There be +主語 + 地點(diǎn) /時(shí)間狀語。There are five minutes left 。There is nothing to 。例如：There is no good making friends with 。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when時(shí)?？梢允÷?，特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語中。why = for ：I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he office where(=in which)he works is on the third is the chief reason why(=for which)we did ． 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，才能用when或where，試比較：I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was ’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last father works in a factory where radio parts are father works in a factory which/that makes radio ． when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。試比較： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man.（只有一個(gè)）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.（不止一個(gè)）4．有時(shí)，非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來引導(dǎo)。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。但在下列情況中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等詞時(shí)。如： She is the only person that understands same所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用as，也可以用that。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used “the same?as”結(jié)構(gòu)中，same和as都不能省略。如：He is the boywho often goes to school 關(guān)系詞定語從句二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。（that作賓語），在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English 。，為避免重復(fù)，：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？ be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，：There is a book on the desk that belongs to 。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for 。The man who is speaking at the meeting is a 作主語 The man is a man is speaking at the man(who)I talked with is our person who steals things is called a thief.②whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。①當(dāng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如：Those who want to go please sign your names who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true The foreign guests，were scientists, were warmly weled at the ．most of themB．most of whomC．most of thatD．most of those He was the very one of the students whopraised at the class ．wasB．were C．isD．a(chǎn)re The balls are solid，makes them very B．what C．which D．thatThe scientist and his achievementsyou told me about are admired by B．that