【正文】 or Corel WordPerfect. Other tools help you view, create and modify general office documents such as letters, spreadsheets, memos, presentations, and images. Word Processing. Of all puter applications, word processing is the most mon. Almost every puter has a word processing program of some kind: whether it came free with the operating system or whether it was purchased separately. In order to perform word processing, it is necessary to acquire a puter, a word processor, and a printer. A word processor enables you to create a document, store it, display it on the puter screen, modify it, and print it using a printer. There are many different word processing programs available, each offering different tools that make it easier to write everything from letters and term papers to theses and Web pages. 湖北大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 外文翻譯 13 Most people use a word processor rather than a typewriter because it allows greater flexibility and control. It is possible to make changes without retyping the entire document. If mistakes are made while typing a text, the cursor can be used to correct errors. Word processors allow text rearranging, changing the layout, formatting the text, and inserting pictures, tables, and charts. Most word processors available today allow more than just creating and editing documents. They have a wide range of other tools and functions, which are used in formatting documents. The following are the main features of word processors: Insert, delete, copy, cut, and paste text: Allow to insert, erase, and copy text anywhere in the document. Cut and paste allow removing (cut) a section of text from one place and inserting (paste) it somewhere else in the document. Search and replace: Allow searching for a particular word and also replacing groups of characters. Font specifications: Allow to change fonts within a document. For example, you can specify bold, italics, font size and underlining. Graphics: Allow adding pictures into a document. Captions and crossreferences: Allow placing captions to describe tables and pictures and creating references to them anywhere in the document. Page setup, headers, and footers: Margins and page length can be adjusted as desired. Allow to specify customized headers and footers that the word processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. Layout: Allows specifying different margins within a single document and to specify various methods for indenting paragraphs. Spell checker and thesaurus: Spelling can be checked and modified through the spell check facility. The thesaurus allows the search for synonyms. Tables of contents and indexes: Allow creating table of contents and indexing. Print: Allows sending a document to a printer to get a hardcopy. Spreadsheet. A spreadsheet is a puter program that presents data, such as numbers and text, in a grid of rows and columns. This grid is referred to as a worksheet. You can define what type of data is in each cell and how different cells depend on one another. The relationships between cells are called formulas, and the names of the cells are called labels. There are a number of spreadsheet applications on the market, Lotus 123 and Microsoft Excel being among the most famous. In Excel, spreadsheets are referred to as workbooks and a workbook can contain several worksheets. An example of an Excel worksheet is shown in Fig. 4. Desktop Publishing. Desktop publishing is the use of the puter and specialized software to create high quality documents for desktop or mercial printing. Desktop publishing is the process of editing and layout of printed material intended for publication, such as books, magazines, brochures, and flyers using a personal puter. Desktop publishing started in 1985, with the mercialization of the software Aldus PageMaker. Nowadays, there are many software programs available for desktop publishing. QuarkXPress , Adobe InDesign , Abobe PageMaker , and Microsoft Publisher are the most widespread. Figure 5 shows a document being created and edited with Microsoft Publisher. 湖北大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 外文翻譯 14 Figure 4. Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program Figure 5. Editing a document with Microsoft Publisher As word processing programs bee more sophisticated, the line separating such programs from desktop publishing systems is being fuzzy. Cuttingedge word processing programs give you most of the features you could want in a desktop publishing program. Such programs do not generally replace word processors and graphic applications, but are used to aggregate the text and 湖北大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 外文翻譯 15 graphic content created in these programs. The most powerful desktop publishing systems enable the creation of illustrations。 therefore they are rarely available for experimental purposes. Moreover, it is generally more efficient to assess solutions using analysis or simulation provided the model is a “good” abstraction of the real work. The topological structure of a work is typically modeled using a graph, with nodes representing switches or routers, and edges representing direct connections (transmission links or works) between switches or routers. Thus, the graph models paths sequences of nodesalong which information flows between nodes in an interwork. For example, a FDDI ring to which four IP routers are connected would be represented as a pletely connected graph of four nodes. Hosts can also be represented as nodes。一個(gè)電子郵件可以細(xì)分為若干個(gè)基本領(lǐng)域，包括“ From”，“ To”，“ Cc”。大多數(shù)大型機(jī)、小型機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)都擁有 EMail系統(tǒng)。在繪 畫(huà) 程序中，圖像是以直線或者任何一種曲線的向量的這種數(shù)學(xué)的信息載體來(lái)存儲(chǔ)的。 繪圖程序 。 日歷和日程安排 。 現(xiàn)在有很多 軟件程序供排版 ， QuarkXPress、 Adobe InDesign、 Abobe PageMaker 和 Microsoft Publisher 是應(yīng)用最廣的。單元間的關(guān)系稱為公式，這些單元名叫標(biāo)簽。 分類檢查和詞庫(kù)：拼寫(xiě)檢查設(shè)備能夠檢查和修改拼寫(xiě)。 湖北大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 外文翻譯 5 查找和替換：允許查找一個(gè)特定的詞并可以替換這組詞。有許多不同的文字處理程序可利用 ， 它提供了不同的工具使得從 寫(xiě) 信和學(xué)期論文到 編寫(xiě) 網(wǎng)頁(yè)變得更加的容易了。 圖 3 辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng) 生產(chǎn) 工具