【正文】 的距離, 并告訴給車主。超聲波傳感器有發(fā)送器和接收器，但一個(gè)超聲波傳感器也可具有發(fā)送和接收聲波的雙重作用。超聲波發(fā)生器可以分為兩類：一類是用電氣方式產(chǎn)生超聲波，一類是用機(jī)械方式產(chǎn)生超聲波。超聲波發(fā)生器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，它有兩個(gè)壓電晶片和一個(gè)共振板。強(qiáng)度較強(qiáng)的脈沖會(huì)比強(qiáng)度較弱的脈沖超過界限的時(shí)間早點(diǎn)，因此我們會(huì)認(rèn)為強(qiáng)度較強(qiáng)的脈沖屬于較近的物體。IC2是帶有鎖定環(huán)的音頻譯碼集成塊LM567，內(nèi)部壓控振蕩器的中心頻率f0=1/，電容C4決定其帶寬。關(guān)外部中斷0 讀取時(shí)間值MOV R7,TH0。通過脈沖的周期設(shè)置下一個(gè)脈沖。定時(shí)中斷服務(wù)子程序完成三方向超聲波的輪流發(fā)射，外部中斷服務(wù)子程序主要完成時(shí)間值的讀取、距離計(jì)算、結(jié)果的輸出等工作。second, it is passive safety technique, namely the occupant protection after the automotive safety field passive safety more research, mainly from the airbag, ABS(antilock brakes)and suspension from the aspects such as to ensure safety of personnel the economic and safety two ways, these passive safety measures is the accident of vehicle and personnel moments protection, with great limitations, thus vehicle active safety research is particularly important, leads to a of this study is based on single chip ultrasonic ranging system is a kind of can advance to the driver issued audiovisual speech signal detection is installed in cars that can detect trying to approach the body of a car pedestrians and vehicles or arou。中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文超聲波測距系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)軟件分為倆部分，主程序和中斷服務(wù)程序。第三步：檢測兩種回波的振幅與過零時(shí)間。當(dāng)收到超聲波反射波時(shí)，接受電路輸出端產(chǎn)生一個(gè)負(fù)跳變，在INT0或INT1端產(chǎn)生一個(gè)中斷請求信號(hào)，單片機(jī)響應(yīng)外部中斷請求，執(zhí)行外部中斷服務(wù)子程序，讀取時(shí)間差，計(jì)算距離。工作原理和前方測距電路相同。進(jìn)一步說，從脈沖起始點(diǎn)到剛好超過界限之間的時(shí)間段隨著脈沖的強(qiáng)度而改變。在移動(dòng)車輛中應(yīng)用的超聲波傳感器，是利用超聲波在空氣中的定向傳播和固體反射特性（縱波），通過接收自身發(fā)射的超聲波反射信號(hào)，根據(jù)超聲波發(fā)出及回波接收的時(shí)間差和傳播速度，計(jì)算傳播距離，從而得到障礙物到車輛的距離。由于超聲波指向性強(qiáng)，能量消耗緩慢，在介質(zhì)中傳播距離遠(yuǎn)，因而超聲波可以用于距離的測量。為了以超聲波作為檢測手段，必須產(chǎn)生超生波和接收超聲波。目前市場上還出現(xiàn)了具有語音報(bào)警功能的產(chǎn)品。對于公路交通事故的分析表明，80%以上的車禍?zhǔn)掠捎隈{駛員反應(yīng)不及所引起的，超過65%的車輛相撞屬于追尾相撞，其余則屬于側(cè)面相撞。從傳統(tǒng)上說，汽車的安全可以分為兩個(gè)主要研究方向:一是主動(dòng)式安全技術(shù)，即防止事故的發(fā)生，該種方式是目前汽車安全研究的最終目的。而設(shè)計(jì)研制箱涵排水疏通移動(dòng)機(jī)器人的自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)，保證機(jī)器人在箱涵中自由排污疏通，是箱涵排水系統(tǒng)疏通機(jī)器人的設(shè)計(jì)研制的核心部分，控制系統(tǒng)核心部分就是超聲波測儀的研制。在這個(gè)過程中進(jìn)行了兩項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，包括檢查的要求和能力的問題，并在目標(biāo)應(yīng)用環(huán)境測試本體。在此步驟結(jié)束時(shí)，應(yīng)該對交通燈邏輯控制的項(xiàng)目的有效性進(jìn)行評估。日期和時(shí)間也是在交通專家的知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上以模糊變量形式預(yù)先定義的。使電腦與人更好的合作。第2節(jié)中，我們將簡要地解釋了在這項(xiàng)工作中運(yùn)用的技術(shù)包括semanTIC網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，智能代理技術(shù)和交通的回地面光控制方法。這種能力將提高有關(guān)性能的決定和其他非智能系統(tǒng)的功能特點(diǎn)。把本系統(tǒng)的性能與其他類似的系統(tǒng)性能進(jìn)行比較。The times is a automation times nowadays,traffic light waits for much the industey equipment to go hand in hand with the puter under the control ,a good traffic light controls system,will give road aspect such as being crowded,controlling against rules to give a technical the fact that the largescale integrated circuit and the puter art promptness develop,as well as artificial intelligence broad in the field of control technique applies,intelligence equipment has had very big development,the main current being that modern science and technology develops main body of a book is designed having introduccd a intelligence traffic light function being intelligence traffic light navar’s turn to be able to e true has：The crossing carries out supervisory control on four main traffic of some downtown area。在我們的方法中，聚類算法與道路使用者的價(jià)值函數(shù)是用來確定每個(gè)交通燈的最優(yōu)決策的，這項(xiàng)決定是基于所有道路使用者站在交通路口累積投票，通過估計(jì)每輛車的好處(或收益)來確定綠燈時(shí)間增益值與總時(shí)間是有差異的，它希望在它往返的時(shí)候等待，如果燈是紅色，或者燈是綠色。由于道路使用者的不斷增加，現(xiàn)有資源和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有限，智能交通控制將成為一個(gè)非常重要的課題。因此，一個(gè)好的交通燈控制系統(tǒng)，將給道路擁擠，違章控制等方面給予技術(shù)革新。顯然這些是很重要的問題，但充分討論這這些問題需要另寫一篇文章。如果代理已有遞交該包的內(nèi)容的許可，他就會(huì)為你遞交。例如，Telnet的端口是23。但包過濾不打開數(shù)據(jù)包，如果允許，你仍要把它送到目的地。這些系統(tǒng)基本上基于TCP/IP，它能根據(jù)實(shí)施情況設(shè)置安全路障并為管理員提供下列問題的答案：誰一直在使用我的網(wǎng)絡(luò)？ 他們在我的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上做什么？ 他們在什么時(shí)間使用我的網(wǎng)絡(luò)？ 他們在我的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上去了何處？ 誰要連接我的網(wǎng)絡(luò)但沒有成功？通常有3種類型的防火墻實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，其中某些可以一起使用以建立更安全的環(huán)境。然而，同時(shí)也讓外界能進(jìn)入你的局域網(wǎng)并相互產(chǎn)生影響。入侵型病毒入侵到現(xiàn)有程序中，實(shí)際上是把病毒程序的一部分插入主程序。計(jì)算機(jī)病毒可以將自身附加到其他程序（如文字處理或電子表格應(yīng)用程序文件）或磁盤的引導(dǎo)扇區(qū)中，并借此傳播。計(jì)算機(jī)病毒則尤其是個(gè)禍害。網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全性可以被粗略地分為4個(gè)相互交織的部分：保密、鑒別、反拒認(rèn)以及完整性控制。大多數(shù)安全性問題的出現(xiàn)都是由于有惡意的人試圖獲得某種好處或損害某些人而故意引起的。計(jì)算機(jī)病毒在我們這個(gè)富有健康意識(shí)的社會(huì)中，任何形式的病毒都是敵人。一般來說，受害人對于病毒的存在并不知曉。外殼型病毒較易編寫，因此約半數(shù)的病毒程序是這種類型。防火墻當(dāng)把你的局域網(wǎng)連接到Internet后，你的用戶就能夠與外部世界進(jìn)行接觸和通信聯(lián)系。防火墻的作用是確保一個(gè)單位的網(wǎng)絡(luò)與Internet之間所有的通信均符合該單位的安全方針。包過濾器起交通警察的作用，它分析你想到哪兒去，你隨身攜帶了什么。RFC（請求注解）1700可在Internet上找到。有人會(huì)為你做事，但此代理人首先要看一下包的內(nèi)部來確認(rèn)其內(nèi)容。當(dāng)然，由于代理必須有能力打開“包”來進(jìn)行查看或者對其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行譯碼，所以安全和加密問題隨之而來。it nanlyzes where you are going and what you are bringing with ,the packet filter does not open the data package,and you still get to drive it to the destnation mercial routers have some kind of builtin packet filtering some routers that are controlled by ISPs may not offer administrators the ability to control the configuration of those cases, administrators may opt to use a standalone packet filter behind the way,an administrator needs to understand how to identify data packages in terms the packet filter can all Internet traffic is based on IP(Internet Protocol),each application or“package”can be identified through a specific TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)or UDP(User Datagram Protocol) ports are registered and defined in RFC(Request for Comment)1700 which can be found on the example,port 23 is for pany could block ining packets for all IP addresses bined with port this way,no one outside the pany could log in via Telnet.(2)Application Proxy To understand the application proxy,consider this scenario where you need to deliver your neat little package of network applicationlevel proxies,the scenario is similar,but now you need to rely on someone else to deliver the package for the term proxy illustrates new same rules apply as they do for packet filtering,except that you don’t get to deliver your package past the will do it for you,but that agent needs to look inside the package first to conform its the agent has permission to deliver the contents of the package for you,he mercial routers do not have proxy capabilties today,although we believe that proxy technology will be integrated with router in the then,you need to rely on a standalone system that can support applicationlevel proxy an application proxy needs to municate on behalf of the sender,it needs to understand the specific language or protocols associated with a particular as an example the widely used HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) you are using a browser on your network,it is highly likely that your IS group has an HTTP proxy configured to allow you to access the Web via a central single machine understands HTTP conversations and speak on behalf of the requesting is applicationlevel course,security and encryption also e into play,since the proxy must be able to open the “package”to look at or