【正文】
產(chǎn)品知識(shí): Product knowledge ? 對(duì)產(chǎn)品種類和產(chǎn)品類別中品牌的意識(shí)。 ? Seek and Identify the associations with a certain brand in consumer’s mind. ? 2)確定這些聯(lián)想事物與品牌的聯(lián)系強(qiáng)度。Information is recalled via spreading activation. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 107 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 108 雪弗萊 跑車 美國制造 迷人 速度快 聲望 昂貴 德國造 梅塞 德斯 豪華車 汽車 經(jīng)濟(jì)車 現(xiàn)代 不可靠 可靠 IBM電腦 勞力士 手表 圖 32 雪佛萊的語義記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò) 5 5種可儲(chǔ)存到節(jié)點(diǎn)的信息: Types of Information Stored in Nodes ? 品牌名稱 Brand names ? Brand’s characteristics/attributes ? 品牌特征 /屬性 ? 品牌廣告 Ads about brand ? 產(chǎn)品類別 Product category ? 品牌和廣告的評(píng)價(jià)性(情感性)反應(yīng)。 ? As knowledge increases, a consumer can think about a product across a greater number of dimensions and make finer distinctions between brands. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 103 三種類型的知識(shí) Three Types of Knowledge: ? 客觀知識(shí) ,是消費(fèi)者儲(chǔ)存在長期記憶中的對(duì)某種產(chǎn)品的正確信息。 . . . are the methods of handling information which may operate consciously or unconsciously to influence the encoding, placement, and retrieval of information. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 94 ? 編碼:是指將信息從短時(shí)記憶轉(zhuǎn)移為長期記憶的過程。 ? Nothing can be remembered without learning, while without memory, learning is meaningless. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 84 2)記憶的過程 The process of memory ? 記憶的過程分為三個(gè)階段: Three stages of memory process ? 識(shí)記:指信息的獲取(相當(dāng)于學(xué)習(xí))。是一種心理現(xiàn)象。按壓杠桿的行為可因停止供應(yīng)食物而逐漸消退。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 70 Classical Conditioning Relations 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 71 Unconditioned/Secondary Stimulus Unconditioned Response Pairing conditioned Stimulus conditioned Response 愉快的刺激 好感 好感 Classical Conditioning Relations 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 72 Unconditioned/Secondary Stimulus Unconditioned Response Pairing conditioned Stimulus conditioned Response 品牌 好感 產(chǎn)品 好感 2)操作性條件反射 Operant conditioning ? 操作條件反射( operant conditioning reflex )是美國心理家斯金納發(fā)現(xiàn)的與經(jīng)典條件反射不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式。通過相伴的重復(fù),這個(gè)中性刺激就具備了導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)的能力。 ? 周邊環(huán)境因素。 ? 擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)者被動(dòng)接觸刺激物的機(jī)會(huì)。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 37 ? Association of perception 知覺的關(guān)聯(lián)性 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及營銷意義 ? Understanding of perception知覺的理解性和整體性 ? 人們?cè)诟兄陀^對(duì)象時(shí),能夠根據(jù)以前已獲得的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)去理解他們。 ? 對(duì)比感覺 The contrasting of sensation ? 同一感覺器官在接受不同刺激時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生感覺的對(duì)比現(xiàn)象。但甲乙店主并不知曉 )。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 26 ? 感覺閾限在營銷上的應(yīng)用:Application of Sensory threshold in marketing ? 企業(yè)進(jìn)行負(fù)面的改變不易被消費(fèi)者察覺。 ? 絕對(duì)閾限(刺激量) —— 剛剛能引起感覺的最小刺激量。 People’s some reactions to smell are caused by earlier time associations. They can be good or bad feelings that is the reason marketers study the relations between smell, memory and mood. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 18 ? 隨著科學(xué)家繼續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)氣味對(duì)行為影響的巨大效果, 營銷者們也正在跟進(jìn)采用靈活的方式來發(fā)掘這種聯(lián)系。 ? Marketers rely on visionary factors a lot for advertising, storefront design and packaging. They use colors, specifications and patterns to deliver the meanings that they want to express. 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 15 ? 顏色還能更直接地影響我們的情感。 第 2部分: 消費(fèi)者個(gè)體因素與消費(fèi)者行為 Part 2: Individual factors and consumer behavior 第 3章: 消費(fèi)者心理活動(dòng)過程 ( I) Chapter 3 Consumer psychological processes I 第 4章:消費(fèi)者心理活動(dòng)過程( II) Chapter 4: Consumer psychological process II 第 5章:消費(fèi)者個(gè)性、自我概念與生活方式 Chapter 5: Consumer personalities, selfconcepts and lifestyles 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 1 第 3章 消費(fèi)者心理活動(dòng)過程 I CHAPTER 3 : CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES I 2023/2/4 MA GUO, CEBA, TEACHING NOTES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 2 學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn) Key studying points ? 消費(fèi)者感覺與知覺 Consumer sensation and perception ? 消費(fèi)者學(xué)習(xí)與記憶 Consumer learning and memory ? 消費(fèi)者動(dòng)機(jī)與需要 Consumer motivation and needs ? 消費(fèi)者情緒與情感過程 Consumer feelings and affective processes 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 3 引例:視覺營銷 (?) ) 2023/2/4 MA GUO, CEBA, TEACHING NOTES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 4 MM的視覺營銷 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 5 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 6 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 7 消費(fèi)者的感知覺 Consumer sensation and perception ? Consumer sensation ? 感覺的定義 Definition of sensation ? 感覺是由感覺器官的刺激作用引起的主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn),或者說是人腦對(duì)直接作用于感覺器官的客觀外界對(duì)象和現(xiàn)象的個(gè)別屬性的反應(yīng)。 ? 嗅覺 Sense of smell ? 味覺 Sense of Taste ? 觸覺 Sense of Touching ? 內(nèi)部感覺 Internal sensations ? 肌肉運(yùn)運(yùn)動(dòng)感覺 Sensation of muscle movement ? 平衡感覺 Sensation of Balance ? 內(nèi)臟感覺 Sensation of inner ans 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 14 視覺 Sense of Vision ? 在廣告、店面設(shè)計(jì)和包裝上,營銷者都非常依賴視覺因素,他們將要表達(dá)的意義通過產(chǎn)品的色彩、規(guī)格和樣式等視覺渠道加以傳遞。 Smell can stimulate strong affection, also can produce peaceful feeling. ? 人們對(duì)氣味的一些反應(yīng)是由早期聯(lián)想產(chǎn)生的, 這種聯(lián)想會(huì)引起或好或壞的感覺, 這是商家研究氣味、記憶與心境的之間聯(lián)系的原因。 ? Sensory threshold 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 23 ? 絕對(duì)感受性 (能力) —— 是指剛剛能夠購覺察出最小刺激的能力 Absolute sensibility。 ? 這和初始的刺激強(qiáng)度有關(guān)。(當(dāng)前目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)此類產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的最小可覺差為15%。 ? 適應(yīng)性表現(xiàn)在所有的感覺中, 但各種感覺中適應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)和速度是不同的。 ? 知覺的防御性 Defense of perception ? 指消費(fèi)者對(duì)造成恐懼或者某種威脅感的刺激傾向于回避、阻滯或反應(yīng)遲緩。 ? 主動(dòng)展露 Positive exposing ? 被動(dòng)展露 Passive exposing ? 過度展露 Over exposing ? ( 資料 31) 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 46 ? 刺激物的展露與營銷策略 Stimuli exposing and marketing strategies ? 盡可能地主動(dòng)展露刺激物。 ? 影響理解的情景因素 The situational influence factors on prehension ? 饑餓、孤獨(dú)、匆忙等暫時(shí)性個(gè)體特征。 2023/2/4 Ma Guo, CEBA, Teaching Notes of Consumer Behavior 66 1)經(jīng)典性條件反射 Cl