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大土木工程混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)試題匯總(存儲(chǔ)版)

  

【正文】 rvant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms norm norm. The Party member39。s eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the code and rule modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) code code adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in bination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of selfdiscipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 mon requirements. One is closely linked to the selfdiscipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment cases . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the prehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised code is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the selfdiscipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People39。s eighteen years prehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of the ICAC guidelines in in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too plicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice。63(英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of prehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen innerparty supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the code adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard。m。由于,查教材附錄,并經(jīng)插值得。梁凈跨度。 當(dāng)混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)為C25,梁所能承受的彎矩設(shè)計(jì)值為。試配置截面鋼筋。(5)減少收縮和徐變應(yīng)力損失,應(yīng)采取減少混凝土收縮和徐變的各種措施,同時(shí)應(yīng)控制混凝土的預(yù)壓應(yīng)力。以減少因收縮、徐變引起的預(yù)應(yīng)力損失。無(wú)粘結(jié)預(yù)應(yīng)力,是指預(yù)應(yīng)力筋伸縮、滑動(dòng)自由,不與周?chē)炷琳辰Y(jié)的預(yù)應(yīng)力。9.鋼筋混凝土裂縫控制的目的是什么?答:鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)裂縫控制的目的一方面是為了保證結(jié)構(gòu)的耐久性。這種破壞以及上述超筋受扭構(gòu)件的破壞,均屬脆性破壞,在設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)予以避免。這種破壞與受彎構(gòu)件適筋梁類(lèi)似,屬延性破壞。在第Ⅲ階段,混凝土裂縫開(kāi)展很大,可認(rèn)為構(gòu)件達(dá)到了破壞狀態(tài),即達(dá)到極限荷載,受拉構(gòu)件的承載力計(jì)算以第Ⅲ階段為依據(jù)。2.鋼筋混凝土偏心受壓破壞通常分為哪兩種情況?它們的發(fā)生條件和破壞特點(diǎn)是怎樣的?答:鋼筋混凝土柱偏心受壓破壞通常分為大偏壓破壞和小偏壓破壞。9.有腹筋梁斜截面剪切破壞形態(tài)有哪幾種?各在什么情況下產(chǎn)生? 答:受彎構(gòu)件斜截面剪切破壞的主要形態(tài)有斜壓、剪壓和斜拉三種。3)少筋破壞;少筋梁的破壞特點(diǎn)是:一裂即壞,即混凝土一旦開(kāi)裂受拉鋼筋馬上屈服,形成臨界斜裂縫,屬脆性破壞。1.鋼筋混凝土受彎構(gòu)件正截面的有效高度是指什么?答:計(jì)算梁、板承載力時(shí),因?yàn)榛炷灵_(kāi)裂后,拉力完全由鋼筋承擔(dān),力偶力臂的形成只與受壓混凝土邊緣至受拉鋼筋截面重心的距離有關(guān),這一距離稱(chēng)為截面有效高度。7.什么叫做作用效應(yīng)?什么叫做結(jié)構(gòu)抗力?答:直接作用和間接作用施加在結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件上,由此在結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)產(chǎn)生內(nèi)力和變形(如軸力、剪力、彎矩、扭矩以及撓度、轉(zhuǎn)角和裂縫等),稱(chēng)為作用效應(yīng)。4.鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中選用鋼筋的原則是什么?答:1)較高的強(qiáng)度和合適的屈強(qiáng)比;2)足夠的塑性;3)良好的可焊性;4)耐久性和耐火性5)與混凝土具有良好的黏結(jié)力。( )我國(guó)《公路橋規(guī)》關(guān)于裂縫寬度的計(jì)算與《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》是相同的。( √ )為保證鋼筋與混凝土的粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度,防止放松預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋時(shí)出現(xiàn)縱向劈裂裂縫,必須有一定的混凝土保護(hù)層厚度。若配置適量的受扭縱筋和受扭箍筋,則不但其承載力有較顯著的提高,且構(gòu)件破壞時(shí)會(huì)具有較好的延性。(√ )在軸心受壓短柱中,不論受壓鋼筋在構(gòu)件破壞時(shí)是否屈服,構(gòu)件的最終承載力都是由混凝土被壓碎來(lái)控制的.( √ )兩種偏心受壓破壞的分界條件為:為大偏心受壓破壞;為小偏心受壓破壞。( )一般現(xiàn)澆梁板常用的鋼筋強(qiáng)度等級(jí)為HPB23HRB335鋼筋。( √ )鋼筋混凝土梁沿斜截面的破壞形態(tài)均屬于脆性破壞。( )正常作用極限狀態(tài)的設(shè)計(jì)表達(dá)式,按不同的設(shè)計(jì)目的,分別考慮荷載的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合、荷載的準(zhǔn)永久組合和荷載的頻遇組合。通過(guò)對(duì)軸心受拉構(gòu)件裂縫寬度公式的分析可知,在其它條件不變的情況下,要想減小裂縫寬度,就只有( 減小鋼筋直徑或增大截面配筋率 )。大偏心受壓構(gòu)件的破壞特征是:遠(yuǎn)離縱向力作用一側(cè)的鋼筋首先被拉屈,隨后另一側(cè)鋼筋壓屈,混凝土被壓碎.大偏心和小偏心受壓破壞的本質(zhì)區(qū)別在于(受拉區(qū)的鋼筋是否屈服 )。受彎構(gòu)件的截面尺寸及材料一定時(shí),受壓區(qū)相對(duì)高度ξ與配筋率ρ的關(guān)系是:ξ大,ρ大。當(dāng)滿足條件,Pmin≤P≤Pmax時(shí),配筋率越大,正截面抗彎強(qiáng)度也越大。結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠性是:結(jié)構(gòu)在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi),在規(guī)定的條件下,完成預(yù)定功能的能力。材料強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)值是: 材料強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值除以分項(xiàng)系數(shù) 普通鋼筋中,以HRB400級(jí)鋼筋作為主導(dǎo)鋼筋。下列各項(xiàng)預(yù)應(yīng)力損失類(lèi)型中,不屬于后張法預(yù)應(yīng)力損失的是(溫差損失 )。混凝土的彈性系數(shù)反映了混凝土的彈塑性性質(zhì),定義(彈性應(yīng)變與總應(yīng)變的比值 )為彈性系數(shù)。等級(jí)分為HPB235級(jí),HRB335級(jí),HRB400級(jí),HRB500級(jí)。2適筋。當(dāng)V>,應(yīng)采取的措施是:增大截面尺寸當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件出現(xiàn) 結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)動(dòng)體系,或結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件喪失穩(wěn)定時(shí),我們認(rèn)為其超過(guò)了承載能力極限狀態(tài)。為了保證結(jié)構(gòu)的正常作用和耐久性,構(gòu)件裂縫的控制等級(jí)有 3 個(gè)級(jí)嚴(yán)格要求不出現(xiàn)裂縫的預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土軸心受拉及受彎構(gòu)件,在荷載的短期效應(yīng)組合下,不允許存在拉應(yīng)力.進(jìn)行構(gòu)件的裂縫寬度和變形驗(yàn)算的目的是(使構(gòu)件滿足正常使用極限狀態(tài)要求 )。( )通常所說(shuō)的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)是指素混凝土結(jié)構(gòu),而不是指鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)。( )鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)鋼筋性能的要求有強(qiáng)度、塑性(或變形能力)、可焊性、溫度要求及與混凝土的粘結(jié)力或稱(chēng)握裹力(√ )鋼筋的疲勞破壞不屬于脆性破壞。( )鋼筋混凝土軸心受拉構(gòu)件破壞時(shí),混凝土的拉裂與鋼筋的受拉屈服同時(shí)發(fā)生。( )剪跨比、混凝土強(qiáng)度、縱筋配筋率和截面尺寸都是影響無(wú)腹筋簡(jiǎn)支梁斜截面受剪承載力的主要因素。( )靜定的受扭構(gòu)件,由荷載產(chǎn)生的扭矩是由構(gòu)件的靜力平衡條件確定的,與受扭構(gòu)件的扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度無(wú)關(guān),此時(shí)稱(chēng)為平衡扭轉(zhuǎn)。( )荷載長(zhǎng)期作用下鋼筋混凝土受彎構(gòu)件撓度增長(zhǎng)的主要原因是混凝土的徐變和收縮。( √ )《公路橋規(guī)》%?;炷两Y(jié)構(gòu)存在的缺點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在:自重大,抗裂性差,需用大量模板,施工受季節(jié)性影響.1.鋼筋和混凝土這兩種物理和力學(xué)性能不同的材料,之所以能夠有效地結(jié)合在一起而共同工作,其主要原因是什么?(鋼筋與混凝土共同工作的基礎(chǔ)是什么?)答:1)鋼筋和混凝土之間良好的黏結(jié)力; 2)接近的溫度線膨脹系數(shù);3)混凝土對(duì)鋼筋的保護(hù)作用。結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件達(dá)到最大承載能力、疲勞破壞或者達(dá)到不適于繼續(xù)承載的變形時(shí)的狀態(tài),稱(chēng)為承載能力極限狀態(tài)。9.試回答承載能力極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)表達(dá)式Y(jié)OS≤R中,YO、S、R的含義,并說(shuō)明兩種極限狀態(tài)表達(dá)式的主要區(qū)別?答:YO:結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù);S:荷載效應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)值;R:結(jié)構(gòu)抗力設(shè)計(jì)值;兩種極限狀態(tài)表達(dá)式的主要區(qū)別:正常使用極限狀態(tài)下不考慮YO及分項(xiàng)系數(shù)。(3)斜拉破壞:當(dāng)垂直裂縫一出現(xiàn),就迅速向受壓區(qū)斜向伸展,斜截面承載力隨之喪失,屬脆性破壞。(3)混凝土的壓應(yīng)力與壓應(yīng)變之間的關(guān)系曲線按拋物線上升段和水平段取用,對(duì)于正截面處于非均勻受壓時(shí)的混凝土,.(4)鋼筋應(yīng)力取鋼筋應(yīng)變與其彈性模量的乘積,但不大于其強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)值,.6.斜截面受剪承載力計(jì)算公式為什么要設(shè)置上限和下限(適用范圍)?答:斜截面受剪承載力計(jì)算公式的上限值,即截面限制條件,它是為了防止斜壓破壞和限制使用階段的斜裂縫寬度,使得構(gòu)件的截面尺寸不應(yīng)過(guò)小,.7.在受彎構(gòu)件正截面承載力計(jì)算中,的含義及其在計(jì)算中的作用是什么?答
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