【正文】 rson Who Apologizes Has the Moral Ball in His Court by Paul Johnson 誰給別人道歉，誰就在道義上掌握了主動 保羅” 我又何嘗不是如此呢？我有點靈氣并且訓(xùn)練有素，寫起東西來旁征博引，力求翔實，自然就言多語失嘍。s mistakes occasionally, and apologise. He replied, That39。威爾遜擔(dān)任首相的時候，有一次我向他進(jìn)言：“哈羅德，偶爾承認(rèn)一下政府的錯誤，并且道個歉，不失為一個好主意吧。s Apologia pro Vita Sua was not an apology at all but a vigorous rebuttal of Charles Kingsley39?！苯裉煳覀儠褂谩癡indication”（辯白，辯護(hù)）一詞。如果過錯是看法上的事，并且錯不當(dāng)罰，那最好不過——說一聲“對不起”就成了一個顯示大度的機(jī)會，可贊可嘆，眾人之楷模也。當(dāng)我們出席最后的審判時，記錄天使誦讀出所羅列的我們的罪孽，我們作了懺悔并請求寬恕，這樣大概會被給予辯白（這個詞的老義）和表示歉意（它的新義）的機(jī)會。莫爾爵士在掛印辭官之后，就是這樣撰寫了他的“托馬斯s case was answered point by point. It retained its original meaning until at least the 16th century. Thus Sir Thomas More, after resigning from office, drew up his Apologie of Syr Thomas More, Knyght。議會斗爭的本質(zhì)就是如此，在政治問題上，道歉只會招致新的詰責(zé)和進(jìn)一步要求交待讓你左右為難的詳情。Disraeli thought that, in politics, apologies don39。s delight). I apologise for these mistakes, and for others in the past, and for those to e.我同情《長眠》這部影片中的男管家。我感受到兩種不同景致的交替，仿佛聽見煙囪在和大山對話。 our presence has turned to stone. Nature has reclaimed its elements. Half Dome presides over the petrifaction of the world. Chimney and mountain are in dialogue as I sense the switching between their perspectives. I am present in ruin and in unity.這次審美體驗的發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么？我所目睹的景致或許可以說明美的外在特征：懸崖峭壁，造型奇特，給人以強(qiáng)烈的空間感，兩道石壁形狀迥異，廣袤交錯，凌空矗立。如果一個天外美學(xué)家看到我這模樣，可能會認(rèn)為，它觀察到的路上這個怪人準(zhǔn)是個充滿審美細(xì)胞的動物，其審美感官正處于極度警覺的狀態(tài)?；叵肫饋?，在山路盡頭有一座服務(wù)性建筑也全在情理之中。因此我不但目光敏銳，聽覺和嗅覺也十分靈敏——我敞開心扉，盡情地體驗著美的滋味。我登上了國家公園的天然山地，循著山道前來觀賞聞名遐邇的大自然的鬼斧神工。In this experience I had been seeking the aesthetic. I knew I would find it, for I had seen post cards in advance and was following the trail map. The seeking took considerable effort and time. It was a heavy investment. I was not going for the scientific purpose of studying rock formation, nor was it for the recreational purpose of exercising my limbs in the fresh air, though that exertion added intensity to the experience and was its context. Primarily, I was going for the scenic wonders. No wonder that I would take delight in seeing Half Dome. The expectation elicited the oute. I was suitably prepared. No distractions of practical consideration — or theoretic — detracted from my concentrated expectancy. Indeed, the world all around me on the climb contributed to the context for my goal. I was on the terrain of Nature in a national park, following the trail to a viewpoint upon a celebrated natural formation. Each step in the climb not only brought me closer but obliged me to sense the altitude. Moving through the thick woods was in anticipatory contrast to the great gap of the valley and the starkness of the treeless granite boulder. 這次旅程中我一直在捕捉一種美感。金斯伯格I climbed the heights above Yosemite Valley, California in order to see the splendid granite mountain, Half Dome, in its fullest view. Approaching the edge through the woods I was filled with heightened expectation. I saw the ruin of a cabin and my approach caused the alignment of the chimney on this side of the valley with the shorn mountain across the valley. I stopped. Something happened. The stone verticals corresponded, one humanshaped, the other natural. The human site was still engaged in sightseeing. I was on its side. I saw the famous sight through the eyes of the ruin. I had e expecting beauty。舉例而言，兒童對社會有何作用呢？兒童的無助、天真和單純所喚起的憐憫、柔情和種種特殊的愛慕之意，不僅可強(qiáng)化和升華世人與生俱來的仁愛之心，就連那些在上帝眼中最為珍貴的品質(zhì)，諸如喚醒寬容的柔弱、象征神圣的天真、以及超凡脫俗的單純，也都會在永恒的記憶中得以保持，其完美典范亦會不斷更新。前者只有助于純粹的推理悟解，后者則總是通過愉悅之情和惻隱之心的影響，最終激發(fā)出更高的悟性，或曰理性。 what you owe is power—that is, exercise and expansion to your own latent capacity of sympathy with the infinite, where every pulse and each separate influx is a step upwards, a step ascending as upon a Jacob39。在抄寫或印刷都非常昂貴的年代，通過舞臺形式“出版”這些劇作遠(yuǎn)比將它們出版成書效果更佳。 and they were published in this scenical mode of publication with much more effect than they could have had as books during ages of costly copying or of costly printing.我們所說的“文學(xué)”是什么呢？人們，尤其是對此欠考慮者，普遍會認(rèn)為：文學(xué)包括印在書本中的一切。1971年，他攜妻子(就是本文一開始提到的Ruth，而Eva則是作者的女兒)遷往印地安那州(Indiana)的布魯明頓(Bloomington), 并在那里的印地安那大學(xué)(Indiana University)任教至今。美在人類渺小的心靈和宇宙?zhèn)ゴ蟮木曛g，化身為一座溝通的橋梁，并以此讓我們不再懷疑：在這片恢宏的宇宙中，在這顆璀璨的星球上，人類的存在實為天工之作，神明之意。Have we merely carried our animal need for shrewd perceptions to an absurd extreme? Or have we stumbled onto a deep congruence between the structure of our minds and the structure of the universe? 這一切究竟來源于何？僅僅是我們將本能的敏銳感知力推向了荒謬的極致，還是我們不經(jīng)意間摸索到了扎根于人類思想和蒼茫萬物間那深刻的一致性？ I am persuaded the latter is true. I am convinced there39。s wing, or the shiver of breath through a flute. For most of human history, the training has e from elders who taught the young how to pay attention. By paying attention, we learn to savor all sorts of patterns, from quantum mechanics to patchwork quilts. This predilection brings with it a clear evolutionary advantage, for the ability to recognize patterns helped our ancestors to select mates, find food, avoid predators. But the same advantage would apply to all species, and yet we alone pose symphonies and crossword puzzles, carve stone into statues, map time and space. 　　任何人都能在一顰一笑，一花一草中體驗快樂?！　、?supernova: 超新星，一種罕見的天文現(xiàn)象，表現(xiàn)為一恒星中的絕大部分物質(zhì)爆炸后，產(chǎn)生能放射極大能量的極為明亮而存在時間極短的物體。于是，我一直都在努力描摹?！　、?Isaac Newton: 牛頓 (16421727) 英國物理學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家。如今的科學(xué)家大都摒棄了“造物主”一說，認(rèn)為那是無稽的假設(shè)，即使不全盤否定，至少也認(rèn)定那是不可能得到驗證的假說。阿德利安s prehensible. How unlikely, that a shortlived biped on a twobit planet should be able to gauge the speed of light, lay bare the structure of an atom, or calculate the gravitational tug of a black hole. We39。re so beautiful,” he says, “you can see immediately they have to be true. Or at least on the way toward truth.” I ask him what makes a theory beautiful, and he replies, “Simplicity, symmetry .對稱(性)。約翰遜 著 33中譯英部分 37在義與利之外 37Beyond Righteousness and Interests 37讀書苦樂 楊絳 40The BitterSweetness of Reading Yang Jiang 40想起清華種種 王佐良 43Reminiscences of Tsinghua Wang Zuoliang 43歌德之人生啟示宗白華 45What Goethe39。昆西 8An Experience of Aesthetics by Robert Ginsberg 11審美的體驗 羅伯特t pursue the laws of nature very long without bumping撞倒?！?我的這個朋友是一位物理學(xué)家，他大半輩子都在致力于破解群