控制系統(tǒng)的介紹英文翻譯(存儲版)
【正文】 ility, or other eriterion) to see if the problem. (5) Finally, optimize the system parameters so that (1) is satisfied. 控制系統(tǒng)的介紹 1. 歷史回顧 早在人類歷史文明出現(xiàn)之初，人們就產(chǎn)生了控制自然力的愿望。模擬計算機的出現(xiàn)加上電子學(xué)的進展奠定了控制系統(tǒng)作為一門科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。其結(jié)果是出現(xiàn)了許多新的制造方法，如計算機輔助設(shè)計和計算機輔助制造，而且計算機控制的機器，機械手和機器人帶來了生產(chǎn)率空前提高。另一方面，如果給定輸入和輸出，我們希望設(shè)計系統(tǒng)特性，這就是所謂綜合。這些噴射出的火焰為衛(wèi)星的動態(tài)提供必要的糾正信號，從而使衛(wèi)星處于被控制之中。實際上，分析是設(shè)計過程中重要而關(guān)鍵的一部分。例如，某一建筑物內(nèi)使用的空調(diào)只要維持 +/— 0。如果我們得到兩個不同輸入引起的響應(yīng)，則兩個輸入合成的響應(yīng)就等于它們單獨響應(yīng)之和。這種方法雖然也能用于單輸入單輸出系統(tǒng)，更重要的是用于多變量系統(tǒng)。 最后，優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)參數(shù)，滿足（ 1）的要求。如 果被研究的系統(tǒng)用一組一階微分方程組來描述，并用矩陣理論來分析，則在計算機上就很容易完成這一任務(wù)。一般說來，這是一個初步的可以接受的近似。所謂穩(wěn)定性是指輸出始終保持在某一合理的范圍內(nèi)。最后，在所有情況下，我們都希望控制系統(tǒng)服從一組事先規(guī)定的指令。我們 10 希望衛(wèi)星相對某個慣性坐標系具有指定的姿態(tài)角，實際的狀態(tài)角由衛(wèi)星上的一個姿態(tài)角傳感器測量。一個簡單的控制系統(tǒng)輸出信號和輸入信號相比較， 兩者之差成為物理系統(tǒng)的激勵，我們稱該系統(tǒng)具有反饋。人造地球衛(wèi)星時代的后期，在系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)化和自適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)方面也做了不少努力。戰(zhàn)前和戰(zhàn)后對尖端試器系統(tǒng)，潛艇。 4 Introduction to Control System 1. 1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The desire to control the forces of nature has been with man since early civilizations. Although many examples of control systems existed in early times, it was not until the mideighteenth century that several steam engine, and perhaps the most noteworthy invention was the speed control flyball governor invented by James Watt. The period biginnign about twentyfive years before World War Two saw rapid advances in electronics and especially in circuit theory, aided by the now classical work of Nyquist in the area of stability theory, The requirements of sophisticated weapon systems, submarines, aircraft and the like gave new impetus to the work in control systems before and after the war The advent of the analog puter coupled with advances in electronics saw the beginning of the establishment of control systems as a science. By The midfifties, the progress in digital puters had given the engineers a new tool that greatly enhanced their capability to study large and plex systems. The availability of puters also opened the era of datalogging, puter control, and the state space of modern method of analysis. The sputnik began the space race and large governmental expenditures in the space as well as military effort. During this time. circuits became miniaturized and large sophisticated systems could be put together very pactly thereby allowing a putational and control advantage coupled with systems of small physical dimensions. We were now capable of designing and flying miniputers and landing men on the moon. The post sputnik age saw much effort in system optimization and adaptive systems. Finally, the refinement of t
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