【正文】 評價原則(1)應(yīng)突出工程分析，重點(diǎn)查清現(xiàn)有污染源及存在的環(huán)境問題，對擴(kuò)建后全廠的污染源進(jìn)行分析，對環(huán)保措施的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性論證，提出切實(shí)可行的環(huán)保措施。、評價范圍由于建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的廢水主要為裝置場地沖洗水、轉(zhuǎn)爐尾氣吸收廢水和設(shè)備大修廢水，廢水為酸性，其產(chǎn)生量較少，技改后企業(yè)生產(chǎn)廢水排放量約為100t/d，根據(jù)評價等級判據(jù)，地表水評價等級低于三級，較為簡略，故本報(bào)告僅對其處理方案、達(dá)標(biāo)排放和對納污水體的水質(zhì)影響作分析。控制原則是采取清潔生產(chǎn)工藝和有效的治理措施，實(shí)現(xiàn)總量控制和達(dá)標(biāo)排放。⑶環(huán)境噪聲：運(yùn)行期設(shè)備噪聲主要是各種泵、鼓風(fēng)機(jī)、引風(fēng)機(jī)等，以廠界噪聲作為分析要素。公司目前擁有職工70人，年生產(chǎn)天數(shù)300天，生產(chǎn)區(qū)占地面積100畝，周邊為荒山地帶。表2—2 主要原輔材料、能源消耗一覽表序 號名 稱規(guī) 格單耗（t/t）年消耗量(t)備 注1螢石粉二級120002硫酸98％147503塊煤6000大卡1600轉(zhuǎn)爐用4粉煤5000大卡650鍋爐用5重鈣粉500CaSO4中和用6電380/220V520KW/h2600000 公用工程① 供電:廠區(qū)內(nèi)有配電房一間，總裝機(jī)容量1600KVA。三臺轉(zhuǎn)爐分別配備各自的煙囪，15m(二個)20m，其燃煤煙氣未經(jīng)處理通過煙囪外排。 由于目前生產(chǎn)線未采取清污分流措施，生產(chǎn)過程的各類廢水：沖洗地面水、設(shè)備洗滌水和冷卻水均一并混合排出廠外，外排廢水總量日均約240 m3/d，其中尾氣水洗產(chǎn)生的廢水量為均24m3 t/d，各生產(chǎn)工段所排的污水在廠區(qū)內(nèi)混合后排出廠外流入博陽河，本次環(huán)評對企業(yè)總排污溝進(jìn)行了采樣監(jiān)測， 監(jiān)測結(jié)果見表2—3；轉(zhuǎn)爐硫酸殘液（H2SO4濃度為50％、HF20％）3m3/d，目前酸液出售給鉭鈮行業(yè)用于酸分解。 建設(shè)規(guī)模:年產(chǎn)10000噸AHF。 供電及供水 擴(kuò)建后項(xiàng)目的供電及供水的設(shè)施采用現(xiàn)有的設(shè)施，基本滿足該公司生產(chǎn)線的需求。反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物氣體首先進(jìn)入除塵器、洗滌塔除塵、冷卻，而后依次進(jìn)入初冷器、HF一級凝器和HF二級冷凝器。⑵氫氟酸工藝流程：詳見工藝流程圖圖2—5。④生產(chǎn)工藝中的尾氣經(jīng)硫酸吸收塔吸收，三級水洗后由30m、Φ220mm排氣筒排空，渣氣經(jīng)一級水洗后由尾氣同一排氣筒排空，其風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)量為2500m3/h，則年排放量2250萬標(biāo)m3/a，根據(jù)污染源類比分析尾氣SO氟化物均可達(dá)標(biāo)，即SO2≤550mg/m3，氟化物≤9mg/m3。表2—10 主要設(shè)備的聲功率設(shè) 備 名 稱聲 功 率設(shè) 備 名 稱聲 功 率反應(yīng)回轉(zhuǎn)爐100磁力泵93洗滌塔98壓縮機(jī)95風(fēng)機(jī)96循環(huán)泵93各種冷凝器95各種鼓、引風(fēng)機(jī)90～100主要是螢石制氫氟酸。煤氣發(fā)生爐工藝流程如下：無煙煤 發(fā)生爐 燃燒爐 風(fēng)機(jī) 轉(zhuǎn)爐水蒸氣 煙囪（30m）③螢石粉加料系統(tǒng)含塵廢氣：對于含塵廢氣擬選用袋式除塵處理，根據(jù)袋式除塵器除塵特性和除塵效率約95％，其粉塵排放基本可達(dá)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，按風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)量1500m3/h計(jì)算，其廢氣排放量為1350萬m3/a，由于粉塵中主要為CaF2，考慮氟的影響，按氟化物含量排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)9mg/m3計(jì)算，螢石粉塵排放濃度≤。尾氣塔的洗滌液和地面沖洗酸性水送至廢液處理裝置，處理后的合格污水排入排水系統(tǒng)。回轉(zhuǎn)反應(yīng)爐用煙道氣經(jīng)夾套間接加熱來滿足反應(yīng)所需的熱量。 廠區(qū)平面置廠區(qū)內(nèi)的總體布置確保遵循功能區(qū)明確、工藝流程合理、生產(chǎn)安全符合國家相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范和規(guī)定，交通運(yùn)輸組織合理、便于企業(yè)管理、環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)約用地、廠容整齊美觀的原則。表2—5 現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)線“三廢”排放及治理措施一覽表污 染 源 名 稱排放量污染物特性排放方式治理措施及排放去向是否達(dá)標(biāo)鍋爐煙氣586萬m3/a煙塵、SO2連續(xù)未經(jīng)處理排放超 標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)爐煙氣1598萬m3/a煙塵、SO2連續(xù)未經(jīng)處理排放超 標(biāo)水洗塔尾氣1080萬m3/aHF、SO2連續(xù)三級水洗后排空達(dá)標(biāo)渣 氣HF、SO2連續(xù)石灰粉中和后外排超 標(biāo)螢石粉加料系統(tǒng)含螢石粉塵廢氣 CaF粉塵連續(xù)無組織排放未經(jīng)處理排放超 標(biāo)生產(chǎn)、冷卻廢水（混排）240t/hPH、F－連續(xù)生產(chǎn)廢水未處理外排超 標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)爐含氟石膏渣17500t/aCaSO4連續(xù)加石灰粉中和后外售轉(zhuǎn)爐煤渣450t/a煤渣間歇外 售鍋爐煤渣200t/a煤渣間歇外 售噪 聲90110dB空壓機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)、泵間歇、連續(xù)廠區(qū)附近環(huán)境達(dá) 標(biāo) 擴(kuò)建項(xiàng)目工程分析、建設(shè)性質(zhì)、建設(shè)地點(diǎn)(1)項(xiàng)目名稱：江西省嘉華氟化工業(yè)有限公司年產(chǎn)10000噸氟化氫生產(chǎn)線項(xiàng)目(2)建設(shè)性質(zhì)：擴(kuò) 建(3)建設(shè)地點(diǎn):德安縣嘉華氟化工有限公司廠內(nèi)，地理位置見圖2—4。本次通過擴(kuò)改后，這套生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)將被淘汰。氟化氫外加熱回轉(zhuǎn)反應(yīng)爐廢氣：廠內(nèi)現(xiàn)有三套1500t/a氟化氫反應(yīng)爐。 工藝流程如圖2—1所示：AHF精餾塔料 斗螢石粉無 組 織廢氣排放加入石灰粉中和未吸收尾氣排放硫酸鈣料倉脫氣塔精餾塔轉(zhuǎn)爐（反應(yīng)）計(jì)量槽硫酸吸收塔BHF循環(huán)槽廢 水排放爐渣圖2—1 現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)工藝流程圖表2—1 現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)線主要設(shè)備清單序 號名 稱規(guī) 格 型 號數(shù)量（臺）材 質(zhì)備 注1回轉(zhuǎn)爐Φ1500150003CS2精餾塔Φ600100003CS帶冷凝器3脫氣塔Φ600120002CS帶尾氣4精餾塔Φ600150001CS成品冷凝器5成品槽Φ1800100003CS帶夾套6成品槽Φ3000180001CS新增7尾氣吸塔Φ400100005PP制BHF用8循環(huán)槽Φ140014005PP制BHF用 廠區(qū)總平面布置見圖2—2。 環(huán)境敏感目標(biāo)該地區(qū)周邊存在的主要環(huán)境敏感目標(biāo)列于表1—7。主要污染物為氟化物、SO粉塵。 廢水污染物控制對象是生產(chǎn)過程中裝置場地沖洗水、尾氣吸收和大修廢水。根據(jù)對擬建項(xiàng)目的工程分析以及建設(shè)項(xiàng)目周圍環(huán)境情況，依據(jù)《環(huán)境影響評價技術(shù)導(dǎo)則》中關(guān)于評價等級判據(jù)及評價范圍的規(guī)定，可以確定各本次工作等級、評價范圍和評價重點(diǎn)： 、范圍該項(xiàng)目的主要污染物等標(biāo)排放量為：Pso2 108 、P氟化物108，因此評價等級為三級。(5)通過對企業(yè)新、老污染源分析、核算，算清企業(yè)的污染源“三本帳”，評價企業(yè)最終排污量是否符合德安縣總量控制計(jì)劃要求，并提出切實(shí)可行的解決方案。表1—3 環(huán)境噪聲評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 等效聲級Laeg適用區(qū)域類別晝間夜間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來源工業(yè)區(qū)3類6555GB309693(1)項(xiàng)目建成后，大氣污染物中鍋爐煙氣排放執(zhí)行《鍋爐大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB13271—2001）Ⅱ時段中二類區(qū)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；工藝廢氣中顆粒物、氟化物執(zhí)行《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB162971996 ）中二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；夾套外加熱回轉(zhuǎn)反應(yīng)爐廢氣執(zhí)行《工業(yè)爐窯大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB90781996）中二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，各項(xiàng)污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)見表14。(1)《中華人民共和國環(huán)境保護(hù)法》。近年來，AHF消費(fèi)以12%速度增長。Lesson54 Sticky fingers 粘糊的手指t need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!39。My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! 39。 said the conductor suddenly.39。 You39。t know where it is.39。Lesson50 Taken for a ride 乘車兜風(fēng) eggs and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at last removed the cottonwool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth. I am 100 per cent honest now!39。Lesson45 A clear conscience 問心無愧Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. They had rushed up to her while she was having a piic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. Mrs Sterling got so angry that she ran after them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. 39。Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse !A man can never have too into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Ve