【正文】 21 5 23 A. Construct a table showing the marginal revenue product derived from assembly worker employment. B. How many assemblers would Just Bikes employ at a daily wage rate of $100? C. What is the highest daily wage rate Just Bikes would pay to hire three assemblers per day? ANS: A. Because the market for tricycles is perfectly petitive, the $20 price premium for fully assembled versus partially assembled tricycles is stable. Thus, the marginal revenue product of assembler labor (sometimes referred to as the value of marginal product) is: Number of Assemblers per Day (1) Fully Assembled Output (2) Marginal Product of Labor (3) Net Marginal Revenue Product of Labor (4)=(3)?$20 0 0 1 8 8 $160 2 8 6 120 3 14 4 80 4 20 3 60 5 23 2 40 B. From the table above, we see that employment of two assemblers could be justified at a daily wage of $100 because MRPA=2 = $120 $100. Employment of a third assembler could not be justified because MRPA=3 = $80 $100. C. From the table above, the MRPA=3 = $80. Thus, $80 is the highest daily wage Huffee Bikes would be willing to pay to hire a staff of 3 assemblers. Optimal Input Mix. Third World Solutions, Inc., has designed a manual water pump that attains a flow rate of 5 gallons per minute using 1 manpower. If the diameter of the pump were increased by 1 inch, throughput would increase 4 gallons per minute. Alternatively, throughput could be increased by an additional 8 gallons per minute using the original pump diameter with one hydraulic chamber. A. Estimate the marginal rate of technical substitution between hydraulic chambers and pump diameter. B. Assuming the cost of additional hydraulic chamber size is $5 per chamber and the cost of a larger pump diameter is $ per inch, does the original design exhibit the property required for optimal input binations? If so, why? If not, why not? ANS: A. The marginal rate of technical substitution is calculated by paring the marginal products of diameter, MPD, and hydraulic chambers, MPH: MPD = ?Q/?D = 4/1 = 4 gal. MPH = ?Q/?H = 8/1 = 8 gal. So, MRTSDH = = = = This implies ?H = ?D or ?D = 2 ?H. This means, for example, that output would remain constant following a onehalf inch reduction in pump diameter provided that the number of hydraulic chambers were increased by 1. B. No. The rule for optimal input proportions is: In this instance the question is: = Here the additional throughput provided by the last dollar spent on more hydraulic chamber ( gallons/minute) is the same as the gain in output resulting from the last dollar spent to increase the pump diameter ( gallons/minute). Thus, hydraulic chambers and pump diameter are being employed in optimal proportions in this situation. 第九章 成本概念與計 量 . Electron Control, Inc., sells voltage regulators to other manufacturers, who then customize and distribute the products to quality assurance labs for their sensitive test equipment. The yearly volume of output is 15,000 units. The selling price and cost per unit are shown below: Selling price $200 Costs: Direct material $35 Direct labor 50 Variable overhead 25 Variable selling expenses 25 Fixed selling expenses 15 150 Unit profit before tax $ 50 Management is evaluating the alternative of performing the necessary customizing to allow Electron Control to sell its output directly to Q/A labs for $275 per unit. Although no added investment is required in productive facilities, additional processing costs are estimated as: Direct labor $25 per unit Variable overhead $15 per unit Variable selling expenses $10 per unit Fixed selling expenses $100,000 per year A. Calculate the incremental profit Electron Control would earn by customizing its instruments and marketing directly to end users. ANS: A. This problem should be answered by using incremental profit analysis. The analysis deals only with the incremental revenues and costs associated with the decision to engage in further processing. Incremental revenue per unit ($275 $200) $ 75 Incremental variable cost per unit ($25 + $15 + $10) 50 Incremental profit contribution per unit $ 25 Yearly output volume in units ? 15,000 Incremental variable profit per year $375,000 Incremental fixed cost per year 100,000 Yearly incremental profit $275,000 Because the incremental profit is positive, the decision to engage in further processing would be more profitable than continuing the present operating policy. . Tasty Snacks, Inc., a regional snack foods pany (corn chips, potato chips, etc.) in the northeast, is considering two alternative proposals for expansion into southeastern states. Alternative 1: Construct a single plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee with a monthly production capacity of 250,000 cases, a monthly fixed cost of $265,000, and a variable cost of $45 per case. Alternative 2: Construct three plants, one each in Birmingham, Alabama, Tallahassee, Florida, and Charlotte, North Carolina, with capacities of 100,000, 80,000 and 70,000, respectively, and monthly fixed costs of $180,000, $150,000, and $135,000 each. Variable costs would be only $44 per case because of lower distribution costs. To achieve these cost savings, sales from each smaller plant would be limited to demand within its home state. The total estimated monthly sales volume of 175,000 cases in these three southeastern states is distributed as follows: 70,000 cases in Florida, 60,000 cases in North Carolina, and 45,000 cases in Alabama. A. Assuming a wholesale price of $50 per case, calculate the breakeven output quantities for each alternative.