單片機控制系統(tǒng)外文翻譯(存儲版)
【正文】 provided that the application does not require too much program or data storage . This is usually the case in lowcost application such as the controllers used in microwave ovens and automatic washing machines . The use of single package allows considerable cost savings to e made when articles are manufactured in large quantities . As technology develops , more and more powerful processors and larger and larger amounts of memory are being incorporated into single chip microputers with resulting saving in assembly costs in the final products . For the foreseeable future , however , it will continue to be necessary to interconnect a number of integrated circuits to make a microputer whenever larger amounts of storage or input/output are required. Another major engineering application of microputers is in process control. Here the presence of the microputer is usually more apparent to the user because provision is normally made for programming the microputer for the particular application. In process control applications the benefits lf fitting the entire system on to single chip are usually outweighed by the high design cost involved, because this sort lf equipment is produced in smaller quantities. Moreover, process controllers are usually more plicated so that it is more difficult to make them as single integrated circuits. Two approaches are possible。存儲是利用存儲器電路，而 從系統(tǒng)中輸入和輸出 的信息傳輸則是利用特定的輸入 /輸出（ I/O）電路。 盡管圖中顯示的只有一個存儲單元， 但是在 實際中 卻 有 RAM 和 ROM 兩種不同的存儲器被使用。另有新類型的期器件不必用紫外線燈而用電察除，所以稱為電可察除可編程只讀存儲器 EEPROM。但是在可預見的未來，當需要大量的存儲器或輸入 /輸出時，還是有必要繼續(xù)將許多集成電路相互聯(lián)結起來，形成微計算機。另一種選擇是將程序在 ROM 中，這樣他們就變成電子 “ 硬件 ” 的一部分并常被稱為 “ 固件 ” 。在典型的 過程工廠中，壓力影響沸點溫度、凝固點溫度、過程效率、消耗和其他重要因數(shù)?？諝馕镔|是有重量的，而且這種下壓的重量形成大氣壓。對前一種情況，系統(tǒng)可以用常規(guī)的 編程語言來編程，正如以后要介紹的語言那樣；而另一種情況，可采用特殊用途的語言，例如那種使控制器功能按照繼電器相互連接的方法進行描述。當商品被大量地生產時，這種單一芯片的使用就可節(jié)省相當大的成本。有些 ROM 在制造時將其數(shù)據標本放入，而另外的則可通過特殊的設備由用戶編程 ，所以稱為可編程 ROM。該系統(tǒng)由微處理器控制，微處理器6 能夠對其自身的 存儲器和輸入 /輸出單元的信息傳輸 進行管理 。從此 以后基本上 所有制成的計算機都是用這種結構設計的，盡管 他們 包含 著 寬廣的物理形式 與物理結構 ， 但 從根本上來說他們均是具有相同基本設計 的計算機 。 for example a counter, whether electronic or mechanical, stores the current and increments it by one as required. A system such as an electronic clock which employs counters has its storage and processing capabilities spread throughout the system because each counter is able to store and process numbers.
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