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hings they fear and hate most deeply, the things they denounce and do away with as the false, the evil and the ugly. ? Art and literature are not only something we find desirable and enjoyable。 ? Preview The Period of Middle English Unit 3 The Period of Middle English (1066— 1485) ? Key Words: Medieval Period, Ballads, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales ? Target: This unit introduces the literary history between Roman Conquest and the end of the Wars of Roses and the literary contribution: The Canterbury Tales. ? Study Points: 1. Historical Background。 2) works adopted from the Italian。 William Shakespeare。 5. Francis Bacon and his works 6. Appreciation. ? Time Span: 3 weeks 1. Historical Background 1. The Tudor Dynasty (都鐸王朝 ) ① After the Wars of the Roses (1455—1485), the feudalism was weakened. Henry VII (1485—1509), taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor Dynasty. (1485—1603). ② Break with Roman : During the reign of Henry VIII (1509—1547), he declared the break from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 and he himself to be the Supreme Head of the Anglican Church. After that, Protestantism had been gaining ground. 2. Queen Elizabeth (1558—1603) ① In 1588, a war with Spain broke out and ended with the rout of the Spanish fleet ―Armada‖ (invincible). It is a victory of England and the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism. It leads to the colonization abroad and the prosperity of culture. The colonial expansion also helped to accumulate capital for the development of capitalism. ② Towards the end of the reign of and the ascension of James I, the conflicts between the king and the rising bourgeoisie intensified. 3. Printing and the Enclosure Movement The introduction of printing to England by William Caxton (1476) brought classical works within reach of the mon multitude. The broke from the Pope led to the creation of the new aristocracy and enclosure of mon land to be used for pasturage (wool for export? ―ship devoured men‖) led to the centralization of power. 2. Cultural Background Renaissance Renaissance: rebirth of learning, the name monly applied to the period of European history following the Middle Ages。 c. propose some principal which became goals the later generations pursue。 ? 1618, he became the Lord Chancellor and was made a peer。 )‖ 1) Life and Career (P6266) Shakespeare wrote 5 long narrative or descriptive poems, 154 sons and 37 (?39) plays (including historic, romantic edies and tragedies) within 25 years. 2) Dramatic Career—4 periods ① 1590—1594 (apprenticeship period: optimism, marked with youthful dreams and exuberant spirit) He wrote five history plays and four edies such as The edy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew. ② 1595—1600 (highly individualized) He wrote five histories。 ? Macbeth。 Puritan。 3. John Dryden。 the other is the Age of Reasons. At the same time, the important figures of this period are to be presented together with their works. ? Study Points: 1. Historical Background。 edies of humour. His shorting: portrayal of characters is onesided, flat and lacking development. Unit 5 The Neoclassical Period (Mid17th C—19th C) ? Key Words: Revolution and Restoration。 ? Twelfth Night. B. The Historical Plays Shakespeare‘s histories include ten historical plays, nine of which dramatize successively, two centuries of English history from Richard II (137799) to Henry VIII (1509—47). Through his stories, Shakespeare expressed his ideal of seeking an ideal king. Henry V (Prince Hal) is the symbol of Shakespeare‘s ideal kingship. Henry IV The image of Henry V and the image of John Falstaff. (P8292) ② The Great Tragedies ? Othello。 ② the praise of individuality。 ? 1599 died for ―want of bread‖ ◇ Works and Influence The Faerie Queene is written in a special verse form that consists of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet, this is called ―Spenser Stanza‖ The Shepard’s calendar marked the budding of the renaissance flower. He is the first person to use the Early Modern English to write poems. His influence can be traced in the works of Milton, Shelly and Kates. ③ Francis Bacon (1561—1626) ◇ Life Francis Bacon the founder of English materialist philosophy, was born in the family of Sir Nicholas bacon, keeper of Privy seal to Queen Elizabeth. ? At 12, he went to Cambridge and at 16 graduated and took up law。 Book II: described in detail an ideal munist society, Utopia 9means ―no place‖.) a. expose the real social condition。 3. Thomas More and his Utopia。 Humanism。 ? Rising of 1381 led by Wat Tyler and John Ball. 3. The Founding of the Tudor Dynasty (都鐸王朝 ) ① Civil War: the Wars of the Roses (1455—1485) between the House of Lancaster and the House of York。 ② the wealth of a new language) 5. The Danish Invasion ? From 787, the English began to be troubled by bands of Danish Vikings (Scandinavian pirates/sea robbers). ? invaded parts of the country from time to time ? came to make permanent settlement and ruthlessly destroyed many of the monasteries. ? King Alfred fought to drive off the Danes. The Danes finally occupied England in 1013 and held it for about 30 years. 6. The Norman Conquest (3rd invasion) ? The Frenchspeaking Normans, under the leadership of Duke William, (William the Conqueror) came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as the King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England. This Conquest also greatly influenced English language. Summary: The Formula of the Nation ? Original Britons ? Angles/ Saxons/ Jutes ? Danes ? Normans ? English II. Early English Literature ? Oral tradition – The Britons (Celts) had no written language, so t