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is ( high) time+( that)+主詞+過去式動詞 10 說明 ∶ 說明 ∶ 此句型意為 “ 已經(jīng)到了 ? 的時(shí)間了 ” 。 If I had Ved, I would have ... 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶If?had +過去分詞 ? ,主詞+ would/ should 等+ have+過去分詞 說明 ∶ 說明 ∶ 這是與過去 事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 句型 。 Had he not apologize to her, she would not have fiven him. 她(那時(shí))不會原諒他,若非他道了歉。 Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他當(dāng)時(shí)肯說實(shí)話,現(xiàn)在就不會受罪了。 I wish (=I would rather) he could e tomorrow. 但愿他明天能來。 If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機(jī)會就好了。 The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father. 這護(hù)士照顧這位病人彷佛在照顧她爸爸似的。其實(shí)他是再愚蠢不過了。 If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. 要不是他在場,我會處罰你的。 Were it not for science, we could not live a fortable live. 若非科學(xué),我們無法過著舒適的生活。 I demand/insist that ... 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 主詞 1+意志動詞( demand/ insist 等)+( that)+主詞 2+( should)+原形動詞 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 說明 ∶ ,要求( desire, 說明 ∶ 意志 動詞 有四類:建議( suggest, remend, propose, advise, urge 等) ask,demand, require, request, maintain, insist 等) ,命令( order,mand 等) ,規(guī)定( rule, regulate, stipulate 等) 。 My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education. 我媽媽鼓勵我,而且堅(jiān)持我應(yīng)該繼續(xù)我的教育。 It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需將食物和衣服送給災(zāi)民。 祈使句 的用法比 if 子句表示的更為緊迫。 unless 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定假設(shè)句,相當(dāng)于 if ... not ...,有時(shí)可以互換使用。 As/So long as ... 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶As/So long as +子句, S+ V ... 說明 ∶ 說明 ∶ 此句型意為“ 如果 ? ,只要 ?” 。 Provided/Providing (that) 引導(dǎo)假設(shè)條件句,其功能相當(dāng)于 if。 Stop eating sweets, or you won’t get any dinner. 你如果 不停止吃糖,你就不要吃飯。 Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 祈使句+連接詞+主句 說明 ∶ 說明 ∶ 祈使句 表示須具備的條件,主句表示可能的結(jié)果。 It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference. 他有必要整理些資料供我參考。 They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他們規(guī)定不應(yīng)加重法律。 Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的向?qū)?,我可能就在山中迷路了? I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我會寂寞,若非有鳥也有花。亦可用 “but for + 名詞 ” 或 “without + 名詞 ” 代替。 It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個(gè)萬事通。 He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷佛幾乎要?dú)⒌羲麄儭? If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個(gè)有錢的爸爸就好了。 11 I wish I were as tall as you. 但愿我像你一樣高。 If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now. 如果他年輕時(shí)多努力一點(diǎn),現(xiàn)在就能過得舒服些。 I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned. 如果有人在他旁邊,或許他就不會溺死。 It is high time he should e to our house for 該上咱家吃晚飯的時(shí)候了。 If I had a car, I could take her for a drive. 如果我有車, 我就帶她去兜風(fēng)了。 If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird. 我要是再活一次,我想當(dāng)一只鳥。 should 可以提前,而將 if 省略。 9 If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards. 如果你萬一見到他,請代我向他致意。 If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門宜于出門。 Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise. 英國貨幣可能貶值,如果果真如此,利率就會上升。 If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失業(yè)了,我就出國。 What about the name Smith? 史密斯這個(gè)名字怎么樣? What about going to a movie? 去看場電影如何? What about lending me some money? 借點(diǎn)錢給我如何? What about washing the car on Sunday? 禮拜天洗 車怎么樣? How about the others? 剩余的怎么樣? How about a drink? 來一杯吧? How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop? 去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧? What if ...? 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶What if +主詞+動詞 說明 ∶ 說明 ∶ 此句型意為 “ 如果 ? 的話怎么辦呢? ” 。 I wonder if he is in the school. 我想知道他是否在學(xué)校。 ... whether/if ... 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 主要子句+ whether/ if+子句 說明 ∶ 口語中使用 if 較為普遍。 I’d like to know how old the manager is. 我想知道經(jīng)理有多大年紀(jì)。 How in the world will he do it? 他到底將如何做這件事? What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什么? How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的? Who on earth told you that? 那件事究竟是誰告訴你的? Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在哪兒丟的呀? What in the world are they hoping for? 他們到底想要什么? Are you ... or ...? 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 一般疑問句(讀升調(diào))+ or+一般疑問句(讀降調(diào)) 說明 ∶ 說明 ∶ 此句型意為 “ 是 ? 還是 ? ? 。 They’re ready, aren’t they? (讀降調(diào))他們準(zhǔn)備好了吧?(讀升調(diào))他們準(zhǔn)備好了,不是嗎? Mike has a car, doesn’t he? (讀降調(diào))麥克有輛車,是吧?(讀升調(diào))麥克有輛車,不是嗎? The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? 是秘書打了這封信,不是嗎? They will go to Europe, won’t they? 他們將去歐洲,不是嗎? You are the teacher, aren’t you? 你就是老師,不是嗎? I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you? 我推想你 在我們的森林里呆過,不是嗎? I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快,不是嗎? The wall plug is broken, isn’t it? 墻上的插座壞了,不是嗎? Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 干凈的公園是美麗的,不是嗎? You can do it, can’t you? 你會做它,不是嗎? We should rise early, shouldn’t we ? 我們應(yīng)該早起,不是嗎? He isn’t ..., is he? 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 否定句,+肯定式助動詞+主詞? 說明 ∶ 這是另一種反意 疑問句 。 說明 ∶ 當(dāng)用來修飾 不及物動詞 時(shí), 情狀副詞 位于其后; 當(dāng)用來修飾 及物動詞 時(shí), 情狀動詞 位于 及物動詞 的前面或后面。 Never be late for school, Bill. 比爾,上學(xué)絕不可遲到。 how much 用來詢問商品的價(jià)格。 說明 ∶ 單數(shù) 不可數(shù)名詞 前面可用 much, a little, some, little, 說明 ∶“How much” 后面接單數(shù) 不可數(shù)名詞 , 4 any, no 等修飾。 How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.) 你有幾本書? 我有許多書。 說明 ∶ 說明 ∶ 此句型意為 “ 在某處有多少 ? ?在某處有 ? 。 What time does your class begin? It begins at eightten. 你的課幾點(diǎn)開始?八點(diǎn)十分開始。 ) Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t.) 3 她有一只貓嗎?是的,她有一只貓。 What time is it? It is ten o’clock. 現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)鐘?現(xiàn)在是十點(diǎn)鐘。 說明 ∶ 說明 ∶ 此句型意為 “ 某人幾歲?某人是 ?歲 ” 。這一 句型 轉(zhuǎn)換的三要素是: be 動詞 移到句首;改為 大寫;句尾用問號。 Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是誰?那位是瑪麗。 ) What is your name? 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 問句: What+ is+所有格+ name? 答句:所有格+ name+ is+名字。 否定簡答: No,主詞+ am( are, is) not。 What are they? They are glasses. 它們是什么?它們是玻璃杯。 what(什么)叫做 “ 疑問詞 ” ,用于詢問 “ 事 物 ” ,通常放在句首,后接 be 動詞 ,再接 主詞 ,第一個(gè)字母 w 要大寫,句尾要加問號 (?),位置不可排 錯(cuò)。 What is that? That is a desk. 那是什么?那是一張書桌。疑問詞 what 除了詢問事物之外,還可用于詢問 “ 人的 職業(yè)或身分 ” 。 (不,他不是。 What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什 么名字?他的名字叫約翰。 說明 ∶ 問句是 “Where ...?” ,簡答時(shí)可用 副詞詞組 “In / On the+ 名詞 ” 。注意: 祈使句 的動詞只能用原形,不可造現(xiàn)在 說明 ∶ 進(jìn)行式 ;表示 “ 瞬間產(chǎn)生 ” 的動作的 動詞詞組 ,如 sit down, stand up,不可造 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式 。 How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 你的姊妹幾歲?她十三歲。 Do you + V ...? 結(jié)構(gòu) ∶ 問句: Do/ Does+主詞+原形動詞 ? ? 肯定簡答: Y