【正文】 pen on the desk ving/ed phrase分詞短語: a person walking on the road。 介詞+關(guān)系代詞: in which, 此關(guān)系代詞不包括what2) 同位語: 同插入語一樣處理刪除216。 不定式注: 非謂語動詞作狀語其邏輯主語是句子的主語4) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)216。 句子終結(jié)216。 題目映射回原文的內(nèi)容2) 可以快速瀏覽的內(nèi)容216。 介詞短語178。 問題解決式\現(xiàn)象解釋式: 解決方案\解釋及最終結(jié)論.(傘型結(jié)構(gòu))2) 題材分類216。 大氣層(氫氣\氦氣\氨氣\甲烷)。 天氣預(yù)報: 衛(wèi)星\計算機技術(shù)f. 新技術(shù)和新事物178。 流派: 產(chǎn)生\思想\代表178。216。 答非所問: 確保所選答案和題干構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系.（４）事實信息題的解題步驟１）根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞進行定位（筆記→原文）關(guān)鍵詞：能夠縮小搜索范圍的詞（段落號＼時間和數(shù)字＼人名＼地名＼專有名詞＼題目的核心概念）Scanning: 在原文中尋找某特定概念尋找關(guān)鍵詞及其同反義詞和上下義詞尋找關(guān)鍵詞及其相關(guān)概念的第一次出現(xiàn)位置２）根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容形成答案判斷３）驗證選項，選擇與答案判斷一致的選項４）若無匹配選項則檢查讀題＼定位＼理解正確性．注意:178。 因果:178。 否定n 明顯否定關(guān)系的特色詞匯: no, not, none, never, neither, denyn 隱含否定關(guān)系的特色詞匯: fail to, absent from, lack, lack of, refuse, few, little, 否定詞綴less.216。 作者意圖: 對應(yīng)原文如果有表示舉例的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,則答案在當(dāng)前句之前出現(xiàn),否則答案在當(dāng)前句中出現(xiàn)。 正確答案不在原文中直接出現(xiàn)216。 信息滯留點的表現(xiàn)形式a. A在原文的出現(xiàn), B在原文中不出現(xiàn).,A + B在選項中出現(xiàn).b. A\B均在原文中出現(xiàn), A + B在選項中出現(xiàn).c. A+ B在原文中出現(xiàn). A或B在選項中出現(xiàn).2) 干擾選項特征216。 樂器: 人類情感分析三. 新托福閱讀題型解析1. 詞匯題(Vocabulary Question)(1) 詞匯題簡介和提問方式: 參見OG第25頁(2) 詞匯題的解答方法216。 原始人生活變遷: 游牧到定居(農(nóng)業(yè))178。 古代遺址\遺跡: 中國的古代遺跡178。 地質(zhì)事件: 成因或原理\過程\影響c. 天文學(xué)178。 順承式: 時間及時間發(fā)展線索.(線型結(jié)構(gòu))216。 可以合并為意群的成分: 178。 結(jié)構(gòu)主體的內(nèi)容216。 …… 關(guān)聯(lián)詞 (完整句)216。 Prep phrase 介詞短語216。 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句: that, which, who, whom, whose( 其中that, which, who, whom引導(dǎo)的是非完整句, whose 引導(dǎo)的是完整句)178。 前置定語: adj+n216。 時間和數(shù)字:同步記錄時間及相應(yīng)的事件。 Intro: background(細(xì)節(jié)) amp。辨析段落主題.(注:所有文章都有標(biāo)題)(2) 細(xì)節(jié):概括性信息的把握并判別具體信息的真?zhèn)?TRUE? FALSE? NOT GIVEN?General statement ideas Some details (3) 詞匯:辨析詞匯和短語的含義,并通過上下文推斷某些詞匯和短語的含義:認(rèn)知(一詞多義)。 evidence(細(xì)節(jié))216。 舉例主體216。 a tool developed for the project 不定式: a way to solve the problem注: 178。 A, B( 定語從句/同位語從句)216。 并列連詞的用法: 并列連詞連接結(jié)構(gòu)\功能\性質(zhì)均相同的成分必須完全對等5) that引導(dǎo)的各種從句216。 連接句子的并列連詞或標(biāo)點符號之前例1: However, for many years physicists thought that (atom and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously)and that (stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker)例2: It appeared that 〔Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families (that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution)〕.例3: The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances(同位語,刪除), can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century (when it was recognized for the first time that (food contained constituents (that were essential for human function) )and that (different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents).例4: Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger(同位語), was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep water, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.例5: The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that (reconstruction had to be undertaken also in North, though less spectacularly).例6: The technique of direct carving was a break with the nineteenth century in which (the making of a clay model was considered the creative act) and (the work was then turned over to studio assistant to be cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble).例7: Anyone (who has handle a fossilized bone) knows that (it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart), the most obvious difference being that( it is often much heavier)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu).例8: The impressive gain in output 〔stemmed primarily from the way in which (workers made goods since 1790’s)〕, North American enterpreneurseven without the technological improvementhad broadended the scope of the outwork system (that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to succession of workers (who each performed a single step of the production process))例9: The fact that (artisanss, (who were locked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century), (are frequently considered artists today) is directly attibutable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century)例10: A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Bbyrd of Virginian, and the Aliens abd Hamiltons of Philadelphia (同位語)introduced European art traditions to those colonists〔privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists〕 and established in their respective munities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions 〔devoted to its encouragement〕.(2) 倒裝句的閱讀方法1) 部分倒裝處理方法: 把提前的助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞去掉或還原,并按順序理解.2) 完全倒裝的處理方法216。 大量的數(shù)據(jù)堆砌216。 分詞短語178。 自然科學(xué)a. 生物學(xué)178。 表面特征。 發(fā)展史178。 作家: 生平\作品d. 繪畫和雕塑178。 不認(rèn)識：　　推斷：　從詞的本身　　　　　　　　　　　上下文：因果＼對比＼解釋　　　　　　　代入驗證　　　　　　　猜2. 指代題(Reference Question)(1) 指代題簡介和提問方式: 參見OG第26~27頁(2) 指代題的解答方法216。 驗證選項中的概念和最大的概念組合是否在文章中出現(xiàn).178。 對比: 時間對比。 因果n 明顯因果關(guān)系的特色詞匯: because, because of, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so, so that, as a result, therefore, there by, hence, consequently, accordingly.n 隱含因果關(guān)系的特色詞匯:a. 表示導(dǎo)致含義: lead to, cause, result, result in, give rise to, render, produce, make, 使役動詞, su