【正文】 uences pared to ease of station access to the highway, a single stop with restaurant and fuel, or other issues of convenience associated with your lack of knowledge of the gas stations in a strange area. 但當在旅行度假中，與加油站是否靠近高速公路，是否靠近餐廳以及其他的方便相比，價格與習慣就不那么重要了，而且你在陌生的區(qū)域缺乏對于加油站位置的概念。 – These hallmarks are both causes and effects: long lead times permit optimized distribution systems, thus driving down costs. 這些特點既是原因同時也是影響：長提前期允許配送系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化，使得成本降低 46 – Conversely, costefficient systems typically have long lead times due to a designedin lack of tolerance for variance in shortterm ，由于系統(tǒng)本身并未考慮短期需求的變化，成本節(jié)約系統(tǒng)通常有很長的提前期?？焖俚男枨髮崿F(xiàn)和集成與靈活采購、制造、分銷結合一起，旨在為客戶提供 ―大規(guī)模定制”產品。 ? These represent two extremes of a continuum, and decisions on supply chain strategy must fit with those on the firm‘s marketing and customer service strategy. 這代表著兩種極端之間的連續(xù)統(tǒng)一體，并決定供應鏈戰(zhàn)略必須符合公司的營銷和客戶服務策略。 ? The productservice flow represents the valueadded nature of manufacturing in the supply chain. 產品服務流動表現(xiàn)了供應鏈的制造價值增值特性。物流 17. 銀行背書 18. 進口稅繳納 審查機構 物流 ? 貨 物通 關 ? 國際運輸 現(xiàn) 金流 7. 出口保 險 14. 進口保險 111. 國際匯兌 出口 OP 提貨 65 Traditional Supply Chain Buyer Carrier/ Forwarders Warehouse 制造商 Supplier Customs 庫存問題 、 質量 控管 交 貨延誤 、人力成本 流程 復雜 、 競爭 力小 66 Supply Chain under Change 無障礙空間、流程簡化加速、企業(yè)內部 e化、 上下游供應鏈 e化、全球運籌電子化 Buyer Carrier/ Forwarders Warehouse 制造 商 Customs Supplier 67 Supply Chain e 化 Cargo 物流 Payment金流 Information 信息 流 Buyer Carrier/ Forwarders Warehouse 制 造商 Customs Supplier 68 Scheduling operational tactical strategic Buy make move store sell Operation Strategy Manufacturing Planning Distribution Planning Demand Planning Master Planning Demand fulfillment Transportation Planning Scheduling SCMSupply Chain Planning Solutions hours days weeks months years 69 國際 物流 專業(yè) 分工 競爭 利器 Order Visibility 訂單 能 見 度 Inventory Visibility 庫 存能 見 度 Logistics Planning 供應鏈規(guī)劃 Integrated Service 整合型服 務 Pricing 價格競爭 Value Added Value Added 70 eBusiness 企業(yè) e化四 寶 ERP SCM SCE 企 業(yè)資源 管理 供應鏈 管理 供應鏈執(zhí)行 (運籌 管理 ) CRM 客戶關系管理 71 IT 信息 科技 對 Global Logistics 的 重要性 ? IT 革命改 變 物流、促使物流 變革 ? IT 使物流 業(yè)務 委外成 為 可能 ? IT 工具使物流效率化、透明化 ? IT 提供全球 運籌信息 同步取得 ? EC 則帶動 新物流 商機 ? Electronic Commerce ? Easy to Communicate ? Extend Business 72 Global Logistics Key Successful Factors Technology International Trade Telemunication Transportation amp。 eXchange 電子貨況與電子數(shù)據交換 B2B, Wireless amp。 ? Thus GM appears to be shifting its supply chain management strategy from efficiency to responsiveness. 所以通用似乎將其供應鏈管理戰(zhàn)略從效率型轉向響應型。他呼吁人們從供應鏈管理轉變?yōu)楱D需求渠道管理 ‖ 。 ? In most aspects of supply chain management, there are significant cost tradeoffs between efficiency and responsiveness. 在供應鏈管理的大多數(shù)方面，都在效率性與響應性方面存在著至關重要的成本權衡。你還可能會習慣性在同一家加油站購買汽油。 ? 日立，過去是摩托羅拉的特許生產商，現(xiàn)在已經成為獨立的微芯片加工廠； ? 東芝，過去曾經為 3M生產復印機，現(xiàn)在是全球主要的復印機供應廠。 – 可口可樂及麥當勞非常倚賴特定的區(qū)域性制造、裝瓶工廠與配銷網絡；但其它產品則基本上透過相同方式配銷全球。一處受到競爭壓力，可以抄對手的后院。 –越來越多的大市場對產品的開放 ─遠超過過去經理人員所能想象的。 ? Technology sharing/collaborations科技分享 /協(xié)作 – Access to technology/markets獲得技術 /市場 ? Global location of Ramp。 ? 離岸加工： 國外加工，運回國內銷售和配送。 ? Corporate management will expect logistics costs to fall with increased logistics system efficiency in the same way they have seen manufacturing costs fall with increases in manufacturing efficiency. 公司管理層希望將物流成本下降的同時物流系統(tǒng)效率同樣增加，正如制造成本下降而制造效率同時增加那樣。 16 ? However, Minidisc technology did not catch on nearly as well with North American and European consumers, with market perations standing at just a few percent. In contrast, American consumers rapidly adopted the MP3 standard for webshared audio files in parison with Japanese consumers. Thus Sony finds itself a market leader in Minidisc products in Japan, but a market follower in MP3 products in the United States. 然而， Minidisc技術并沒有征服北美和歐洲的消費者，通過市場份額僅得到幾個百分點。 14 Increasing Product Line Diversity ? A related phenomenon is the general shortening of product life cycles observed in the 1990s, most exaggeratedly in technology products. 一個相關的現(xiàn)象是在二十世紀九十年代所觀察到的全球產品生命周期變短，尤其是在技術產品頗為顯著。 ? For global logistics managers, these trends dictate increasingly plex logistics system 球物流經理人，這些趨勢使物流系統(tǒng)設計日益復雜。那些在出貨數(shù)量，庫存單位，包裝要求，或交貨要求上出錯的供應商現(xiàn)如今常常被零售客戶用退回貨物的方式進行重罰。 ? With the base of retailers shrinking to a few giant firms, manufacturers and wholesalers now respond eagerly to the demands of these power retailers. 隨著零售商已經縮小到幾個巨型公司，所以制造商及批發(fā)商現(xiàn)在熱切回應著這些零售大亨們的要求。 5 ? Representing a substantial portion of national retail sales, these power retailers have tipped the balance of channel power. 這些大零售商全國零售銷售占相當大的比例，已經打破渠道平衡。 ? Logistics performance guarantees are mon today. Suppliers who ship with errors in quantity, SKU, packaging requirements, or delivery requirements are today often heavily penalized by their retailer customers through invoice chargebacks. 物流績效擔保在今天很平常。 ? Adding to this plexity is the continuing trend toward more sophisticated automated manufacturing to increase quality and decrease labor 和降低勞動力成本的更加精密的自動化生產。 ? As marketers have gotten more in tune with the needs and wants of consumers, they have expanded the variety of products offered. 營銷商為了更符合消費者需求，已經擴大了他們所提供的產品種類。 Minidisc技術已十分成功地被日本消費者接受，并且索尼已授權給許多日本廠商，包括 JVC and Sharp。并且隨著全球制造成本的下降，人們將更多的目光集中于物流成本上。在一些情況下，產品裝配完成后運往海外銷售。 ? Presence in stateoftheart markets – Japan consumer electronics – Germany machine tools – US: software 23 科技的力量 ? Diffusion of knowledge知識的擴散 – Many high tech ponents developed overseas許多高科技組件在海外研發(fā) – Need close relationships with foreig