【正文】 油兩部分的極性和溶解性決定。但在實際應(yīng)用中及實際效果方面有一定的差別。該方法是在蒸餾釜中離底部 一定距離的地方裝一多孔的隔柵或板柵，將原料放在板上。 must be a sufficiently large difference between the oxidizing and reducing capabilities of these agents for the reaction to go to pletion and give a sharp end point,為了反應(yīng)完全，并給出一個敏銳的終點，氧化劑和還原劑的氧化和還原能力之間的差別必須足夠大，Lesson 33 more technical terms, the egg yolk acts as an emulsifier which holds the mayonnaise emulsion together.用更技術(shù)的術(shù)語來說，蛋黃起到乳化劑的作用，使蛋黃醬乳狀液不分層。施陶丁格博士( Staudinger)的輝煌成就，對最后接受這個假說，起了決定性的作用。 of this type provide useful intermediates in synthesis sequences and the reader who takes itme out at this point to consider the ramifications that are possible with various binations o faldehydes, ketones, and carbon nucleophiles is ready to play the game of “paper synthesis”.這種類型的反應(yīng)提供了合成程序中的有用的中間體，讀者在這方面只要花些時間考慮醛、酮和親核試劑的各種可能的化合所出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，就易于玩一場“紙上合成”的游戲。Lesson 3 the zinc reaction in the forward reaction produces a larger negative potential,由于鋅的正向反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生較大的負(fù)電勢， applications in which one metal is sacrificed to protect another are the attaching of sacrificial blocks of magnesium to underground steel pipelines and the hulls of ships to prevent the rusting of iron.犧牲一種金屬以保護另一種金屬的類似應(yīng)用是把一塊作犧牲用的鎂錠同下部的鋼管和船體連接起來以防止鐵的生銹。然后用冰水浴將溫度降至5? 10?，加入500克市售檸檬醛劇烈攪拌，并持續(xù)三、四小時以使油與溶液充分接觸，同時盡可能的排除空氣。 the cause for the fragrance breakdown is found to lie not in a principal ponent of the product, but in an impurity or gradually developing breakdown product(., rancidity of unsaturated fatty acids and hydrogen chloride from propellant(Ⅱ),it is best to change the product formulation rather than the fragrance—the impurities or breakdown products usually have other undesirable effects in addition to that on the fragrance.如果發(fā)現(xiàn)香料的分解不是出于產(chǎn)品的一個主要成分，而是一種雜質(zhì)或是一種逐漸產(chǎn)生的分解產(chǎn)物（如不飽和脂肪酸的變質(zhì)和推進劑2產(chǎn)生的氯化氫），則最好改變產(chǎn)品的配方而不是改變香料的配制，因為這種雜質(zhì)或分解產(chǎn)物除了對香料產(chǎn)生作用外，通常還會有其他不良的影響。)3 The idea that the four valence bonds of the carbon atom are directed toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron was advanced in 1874 by Van’t Hoff and independently by Le Bel to explain the existence of righthanded and lefthanded forms of some organic pounds, which shows in the face development of crystals(enantiomorphism) and in the power of solutions to rotate the plane of polarization of a transmitted beam of polarized light either to the right to the left(optical activity).碳原子的四個價鍵都指向正四面體的四角這一概念，是1874年由范托夫和賴貝爾各自分別提出的，以解釋某些有機化合物的右旋體或左旋體的存在，它們的存在表現(xiàn)在晶面的發(fā)展(對映形態(tài))和溶液把透入的偏振光束的偏振面向右或向左旋轉(zhuǎn)的能力(旋光性)上。 (定語從句譯成條件狀語從句) problem whether natural rubber is a polymer with linear chain molecules has been solved.天然橡膠是否是線型鏈狀分子的聚合物，這個問題已經(jīng)解決了。(第一個被動態(tài)，先譯謂語，再譯主語；第二個被動態(tài)，在主語前加譯“將”。 (謂語174。 (表語174。 (v.174。 (省譯動詞“possess”) stable in air at ordinary temperature ,mercury bines with oxygen if heated.水銀常溫下在空氣中是穩(wěn)定的，但如果加熱時，它會與氧化合。 (加譯“類”，“炔烴”不必譯出復(fù)數(shù)。v.)4. The chlorine from salt is used for bleaching paper and textiles. 用食鹽制取的氯被用來漂白紙張和紡織品。主語) two electrons involved in a covalent bond have their spins oppositely directed. 此共價鍵中的兩個電子的自旋方向相反。 (同位語的變序)(七) 被動語態(tài)的譯法1 Largescale evaporation process is being developed and used for recovering potable water from seawater. Here the condensed water is the desired product. Only a fraction of the total water in the feed is recovered , and the remainder is discarded. 目前，大規(guī)模的蒸發(fā)工藝過程正在發(fā)展并用于從海水中回收有飲用水。)(八) 后置定語的譯法 objective of evaporation is to concentrate a solution consisting of a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent.蒸發(fā)的目的是濃縮由非揮發(fā)性溶質(zhì)和揮發(fā)性溶劑所組成的溶液。 (定語從句譯成結(jié)果狀語從句)(九) 長句的譯法1 Total determination of structure is also possible by means of Xray diffraction, so that the classical goal of structure studiesascertaining the relative spatial positions of all the atoms in any moleculecan be readily and routinely attained.全面的結(jié)構(gòu)測定也可以借助X射線衍射來完成，因此結(jié)構(gòu)研究的經(jīng)典目標(biāo)—確定任何分子中所有原子的相對空間位置—就能很快地用常規(guī)的方法來完成。然后再加入乙醇，直至澄清。 this is approximately so, over limited ranges of temperature difference for which U is nearly constant ,in practice U may well be influenced both by the temperature difference and by the absolute value of the temperatures.其實在一個有限的溫差范圍內(nèi)當(dāng)U幾乎恒定時，是近似如此；但實際上U卻可能受溫差和絕對溫度二者的影響很大。(十) 書上重點句子Lesson 1 size of atoms decreases from left ot right across a period in the periodic table在元素周期表中沿著周期從左到右的半徑遞減 descending a group in the periodic table such as lithium,sodium,potassium,rubidium,caesium,the size of the atoms increases due to the effect of extra shells of electrons being added