【正文】 ............................................ 4 設(shè)計(jì)階段的造價(jià)控制 .................................................. 4 在材料品種及規(guī)格方面的造價(jià)控制 ...................................... 5 控制成本費(fèi)用支出 .................................................... 5 施工過(guò)程中損耗量的造價(jià)控制 .......................................... 6 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................. 7 北京航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 第 1 頁(yè) 1 建筑裝飾工程的特點(diǎn) 建筑裝飾工程，是指在工程技術(shù)與建筑藝術(shù)綜合創(chuàng)作的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)建筑物或構(gòu)筑物的局部或全部進(jìn)行修飾打扮與裝飾點(diǎn)綴的一種再創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)。 工程造價(jià)估算精確度低下 在建筑裝修裝修工程項(xiàng)目投資前期，由于對(duì)工程量的勘察估計(jì)不夠準(zhǔn)確，也使得在這個(gè)階段的投資估算缺乏準(zhǔn)確性，同時(shí)，很多施工單位對(duì)工程造價(jià)的估算和控制不夠嚴(yán)格，對(duì)工程施工工藝和施工方案審核不夠嚴(yán)密，為了在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取得項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)施工權(quán)利，一定程度的低估整體工程造價(jià)來(lái)提高工程項(xiàng)目的批準(zhǔn)通過(guò)率。主要表現(xiàn)在：首先是虛報(bào)工作量，通過(guò)采取不同的計(jì) 量方法和不同的計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增加工程量或工作的項(xiàng)目。②各種裝飾方案在功能．環(huán)境及投資等方面進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)，協(xié)助業(yè)主正確優(yōu)選方案避免唯美主義或唯經(jīng)濟(jì)觀點(diǎn)。⑦重視設(shè)計(jì)審核，確保設(shè)計(jì)圖紙的完整性以及各專業(yè)的配套．協(xié)調(diào)及施工的可能性。要對(duì)采購(gòu)工人進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的管理和監(jiān)督，保證采購(gòu)費(fèi)用在控制范圍內(nèi)，制定限額采購(gòu)工作包及工作包價(jià)格，并對(duì)限額采購(gòu)進(jìn)行跟蹤，對(duì)各種超出范圍的費(fèi)用要嚴(yán)格審核對(duì)比，嚴(yán)格將采購(gòu)清單和實(shí) 際支出費(fèi)用做出整合。構(gòu)件加工與工程分包都要通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)合同來(lái)明 北京航空航天大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 第 6 頁(yè) 確雙方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)， 簽訂 合同時(shí)，必須堅(jiān)持“以施工圖預(yù)算控制合同金額”的原則，不允許合同金額超過(guò)施工圖預(yù)算。家裝行業(yè)一般遵循 5%的損耗率，若發(fā)現(xiàn)超過(guò)此比例，業(yè)主應(yīng)請(qǐng)承包方給予合理的解釋說(shuō)明。s Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentine39。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。所以預(yù)算材料的數(shù)量中應(yīng)加入實(shí)際中損耗的工程量。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部在簽訂勞務(wù)合同時(shí)，應(yīng)將人工費(fèi)單價(jià)確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低于對(duì)外承包合同中的人工單價(jià)，其余留部分考慮用于定額外人工費(fèi)和關(guān)鍵工序的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)費(fèi)等。例如鋁塑板，有單、雙面之分，無(wú)論單、雙面鋁塑板，又有 3ram 厚和 4mm 厚之分。由于裝飾材料的發(fā)展很快，其市場(chǎng)價(jià)格變動(dòng)非常頻繁，及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地掌握裝飾材料市場(chǎng)變化信息是提高 方案概算準(zhǔn)確度的基本條件。進(jìn)而影響到業(yè)主構(gòu)想實(shí)施成功與否。由于在這一部分中，各種材料能源等消耗大大增強(qiáng)了成本的支出。 3．裝飾類新材料不斷涌現(xiàn)和廣泛使用，新施工工藝和新技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展更新，引起設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度很低，使許多分部分項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品的批量較小，瑣碎而雜亂。除內(nèi)外裝飾、家具、燈具、潔具，電器設(shè)備外， 還常包括中央空調(diào)、閉路電視監(jiān)控，消防噴淋．消防報(bào)警等諸多系統(tǒng)工程，是具有較高藝術(shù)欣賞性和實(shí)用性的大型綜合性工程。因此，建筑裝飾工程須依附于已完工程的結(jié)構(gòu)主體 (土建工程 )，但又具備如下一些特點(diǎn)： 1．當(dāng)前的建筑裝飾工程不僅在設(shè)計(jì)上和施工上包含了建筑工程的許多傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目，而且如家具類、裝潢類，以到弱電安裝類也常常出現(xiàn)在裝飾工程設(shè)計(jì)圖中，成為發(fā)包項(xiàng)目的組成部分，使裝飾工程更復(fù)雜。這些因素都使得在前期的工程造價(jià)