催化作用原理ppt課件(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 定的化學(xué)反應(yīng) . Catalytic Oxidation of Methane: the Centrepiece of Future Power Sources (1) Catalytic bustion of methane (2) Partial oxidation of methane (POM) (3) Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) (4) Methane Dehydroaromatization 21世紀(jì)催化面臨的挑戰(zhàn) A selection of environmental challenges: Development of “zerowaste” processes Minimization of hazardous products and “greenhouse” gases Replacement of corrosive liquid acid catalysts by benign solid acid catalysts Evolution of sustainable systems Reduction in volume of byproduct Development of processes requiring less “consumption” of catalysts Elimination of voluminous byproducts A selection of technological challenges: Reformulated transport fuels Development of catalytic automobiles operating on methanol dissociation Singlestep synthesis of desirable products Development of processes using CO2 as reactants Cheaper and safer methods of generating hydrogen New catalytic membranes FischerTropsch catalysts for sharply defined reaction products Efficient, safe methods of generating hydrogen peroxide (from H2 and O2) Engineered proteins for pharmaceutical use (2)均相催化反應(yīng) (Homogeneous catalysis)：催化劑與反應(yīng)物處于相同的物相。 選擇性表示方法 ： 速率常數(shù)之比 ： 目的產(chǎn)物收率與反應(yīng)物的轉(zhuǎn)化率之比： Sel = A轉(zhuǎn)化為 C的量 A的總轉(zhuǎn)化量 ? 100% 目的產(chǎn)物收率（ yield） ：反應(yīng)物轉(zhuǎn)化率與目的產(chǎn)物選擇性。 B ? Journal of Molecular Catalysis A amp。乙酰膽堿酯酶 過(guò)氧化氫酶 103 104 107 ZSM5 (450?C) (活性位 (酸中心 )數(shù)目易于確定 ) 1己稀裂解 1己稀異構(gòu)化 500 ?107 選擇性（ selectivity）： 反應(yīng)物沿某一途徑進(jìn)行的程度， 與沿其它途徑進(jìn)行反
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