【正文】
the hardware can greatly reduce the cost of equipment and increase the reliability of the test. Virtual machines on the traditional instruments of the concept of a major breakthrough in its flexible structure, the operation simple and intuitive, easy to upgrade and many other advantages, has bee a plex apparatus and instrument of choice for multifunctional design. With the puter in China to further universal, virtual instrument is bound to be more widely used, it is bound to make physical education a greater contribution. 虛擬儀器實(shí)現(xiàn)多參數(shù)測(cè)量 呂冬梅 呂翔 物 理系 , 貴州 3422站 , 貴州 遵義 [摘要 ] 介紹虛擬儀器的概念和優(yōu)點(diǎn) , 詳細(xì)闡述用虛擬儀器實(shí)現(xiàn)多參數(shù)測(cè)童的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。 multiparameter measurement. Key words: TAB24。 中圖分類號(hào) :TAB24。 。使用數(shù)據(jù)采集卡完成 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換最后由計(jì)算機(jī)完成數(shù)據(jù)的分析、處理。 按照使用的計(jì)算機(jī)是臺(tái)式機(jī)還是便攜機(jī) , 可選擇不同的數(shù)據(jù)采集板。本儀器的軟件主要由數(shù)據(jù)采集卡驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊、虛擬面板模塊、各參數(shù)測(cè)量模塊、校準(zhǔn)及誤差修正模塊四部分組成。 五、結(jié)束語(yǔ) 用虛擬儀器實(shí)現(xiàn)多參數(shù)的測(cè)量能夠簡(jiǎn)化硬件 , 極大地降低儀器的成本 , 增加測(cè)試的可靠性。s highend desktop machines such as digital oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, logic analyzer and others rely mainly on imports, these machines processing plex, requiring high levels of manufacturing, production breakthroughs have difficulty using virtual instrument technology can only procurement of the necessary general data acquisition hardware to design their own equipment system。 ? A + B AB model: When the two channels are in a gated state, use this mode to display twochannel signal algebraic sum, after the subtraction of the waveform. Parameter Measurement Module Parameter measurement module HP54603B the parameters of the main analog measurement functions, including Vrms, such as the pletion of 12 voltage and frequency parameters, cycle time parameter 7 measurement and display its results. Spectrum Analyzer Module Spectrum analysis module fast FFT algorithm, the pletion of the frequency domain signal analysis. The spectrum analyzer can be controlled include: ? Windows choice, provided the nine kinds of spectral analysis window。 to form a new device features. Virtual instrument design has bee a test and instrument technology as an important direction of development. With highspeed A / D chip and further integrated circuit, could be envisaged in the near future, a virtual instrument software installed on a standard PC into a multifunctional measuring instrument station, fundamentally changing the current development of special equipment and production, has broad application prospects and huge potential economic benefits. 虛擬數(shù)字示波器的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 楊樂(lè)平 呂英軍 [摘 要 ] 結(jié)合一個(gè)虛擬數(shù)字示波器的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā),介紹了虛擬儀器的基本 組成,并重點(diǎn)介紹了基于圖形化編程語(yǔ)言 LabVIEW 的虛擬儀器編程方法與實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)。 傳統(tǒng)臺(tái)式儀器是由儀器廠家設(shè)計(jì)并定義好功能的一個(gè)封閉結(jié)構(gòu),它有固定的輸入/ 輸出接口和儀器操作面板,每種儀器實(shí)現(xiàn)一類特定的測(cè)量功能,并以確定的方式提供給用戶。下面結(jié)合一個(gè)虛擬數(shù)字示波器的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)具體介紹虛擬儀器的基本組成和基于圖形化編程語(yǔ)言 LabVIEW 的虛擬儀器編程方法與實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)。當(dāng)然,限于經(jīng)費(fèi)條件,我們選擇的 PCI- 1200 卡的采樣速率只能達(dá)到 100kS/ s,對(duì)實(shí)際示波器而言,這遠(yuǎn)不能滿足信號(hào)帶寬的要求。 LabVIEW 編程的主要特點(diǎn)就是將虛擬儀器分解為若干基本的功能模塊(相當(dāng)于硬件設(shè)計(jì)中的集成電路),模塊的引腳代表輸入/輸出接口。其中: 參數(shù)測(cè)量模塊 參數(shù)測(cè)量模塊主要模擬 HP54603B 的參數(shù)測(cè)量功能,完成包括 Vrms 等 12 個(gè)電壓參數(shù)和頻率、周期等 7 個(gè)時(shí)間參數(shù)的測(cè)量并顯示其測(cè)量結(jié)果。從軟盤或硬盤上讀取的數(shù)據(jù)同實(shí)時(shí)采集的數(shù)據(jù)一樣,能夠進(jìn)行自動(dòng)參數(shù)測(cè)量以及顯示波形并保留在顯示窗口(顯示模式可以設(shè)置為三種模式中的任意一種),還可以根據(jù)需要設(shè) 置進(jìn)行頻譜分析。隨著高速 A/ D 芯片和電路的進(jìn)一步集成化,可以設(shè)想在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái),一臺(tái)安裝有虛擬儀器軟件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)微機(jī)成為一個(gè)多功能的測(cè)量?jī)x器站,從根本上改變目前專用儀器的研制和生產(chǎn)方式,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景和巨大的潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。處于正常狀態(tài)時(shí),最多只能顯示 A、 B 兩通道輸入的 2 個(gè)信號(hào)的波形;處于記憶狀態(tài)時(shí),最多可以記憶顯示 A、 B 兩通 道輸入的 17 個(gè)信號(hào)的波形( A 通道可記憶顯示 16 組信號(hào) 數(shù)據(jù), B 通道只能記憶顯示1組信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù))。Log/ Linear 選擇,提供了 2 種坐標(biāo)顯示模式; 波形顯示模塊 軟件提供了三種波形顯示模式: LabVIEW 還為用戶提供了函數(shù)擴(kuò)展功能,利用 LabVIEW 中的 Code Interface Node( CIN),可以調(diào)用用 C 等傳統(tǒng)編程語(yǔ)言寫的程序代碼;利用 LabVIEW 中的 Call Library Function 可以調(diào)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫(kù)( .DLL)。儀器主要功能包括:雙通道信號(hào)輸入 、觸發(fā)控制、通道控制、時(shí)基控制、波形顯示、參數(shù)自動(dòng)測(cè)量、頻譜分析、波形存儲(chǔ)和回放等。本設(shè)計(jì)采用的PCI- 1200 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡是一塊性價(jià)比較好的產(chǎn)品,支持 DMA 方式和雙緩沖區(qū)模式,保證了實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)不間斷采集與存儲(chǔ)。一方面,目前我國(guó)高檔臺(tái)式儀器如數(shù)字示波器、頻譜分析儀、邏輯分析儀等還主要依賴進(jìn)口,這些儀器 加工工藝復(fù)雜、對(duì)制造水平要求高,生產(chǎn)突破有困難,采用虛擬儀器技術(shù)可以通過(guò)只采購(gòu)必要的通用數(shù)據(jù)采集硬件來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)自己的儀器系統(tǒng);另一方面,用戶可以將一些先進(jìn)的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理算法應(yīng)用于虛擬儀器設(shè)計(jì),提供傳統(tǒng)臺(tái)式儀器不具備的功能,而且完全可以通過(guò)軟件配置實(shí)現(xiàn)多功能集成的儀器設(shè)計(jì)。 隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)儀器開始向計(jì)算機(jī)化的方向發(fā)展。 in memory state, the maximum memory display A, B twochannel input signal 17 waveform (A memory channel can display 16 Group signal data, Bchannel memory can only show 1 signal data). In practice, memory display the main signal used to measure jitter or a parative analysis of two or more of the signal waveform. This article describes a virtual digital oscilloscope desktop not only has the general function of digital storage oscilloscope, and give full play to a powerful puter and software design flexibility, the main technical characteristics of the performance in the following: oriented programming techniques, software development, high efficiency, good operability and maintainability。 ? Select the main control channel or dualchannel singlechannel measurement。 digital oscilloscope。有開發(fā)能力的 用戶 , 不需了解采集卡的電路結(jié)構(gòu)和接口原理 , 便能對(duì)儀器功能進(jìn)行修改或擴(kuò)展。 16位的 A/D完全可滿足這一要求 。本 儀器的硬件主要由傳感器、信號(hào)同理器、數(shù)據(jù)采集卡和計(jì)算機(jī)四部分組成。 二、儀器構(gòu)成和工作原理 用一臺(tái)儀器完成多個(gè)參數(shù)的測(cè)量一直是測(cè)試領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)實(shí)際問(wèn)題 , 用傳統(tǒng)儀器往往很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。它由通用個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī) , 模擬化功能硬件和控制軟件組成。s customers do not understand the acquisition card interface circuit and principles of the instrument can be modified or expanded features. Measuring the parameters of modular software structure, is a reasonable division of the measurement modules, and enhance the use of mon parts of the general, and to provide the parameters of the plex graphics and tables output. Calibration and error correction module, not only on the sensor can be calibrated to amend the source of error, but also the use of the average, and so on th