【正文】 nter infrastructure was built up. 17. What is said about the . federal funding for research? A. It has increased by 3 percent. B. It has been unsteady for years. C. It has been more than sufficient. D. It doubled between 1998 and 2022. 18. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the . after September 11 was caused by ________. A. changes in the attitude of the U. S. B. changes in the geopolitical stability. C. changes in the visa process D. changes in the global integration. 19. Many Americans fear that American petitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will ________. A. be more productive B. take courses for credit C. be awarded in the U. S. D. take their knowledge and skills back home. 20. The policy of weling foreign students can benefit the . in that the very best of them will stay and ________. A. strengthen the nation B. threaten American petitiveness C. participate in the Erasmus program D. keep pace with inflation Section B Reading (30%) Directions: In this section, there are 3 passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One My father?s reaction to the bank building at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York city was immediate and definite: “You won?t catch me putting my money in there!” he declared, “Not in that glass box!” Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is upsetting, but I am convinced that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money. In his generation money was thought of as a real modity(實(shí)物 )that could be carried, or stolen. Consequently, to attract the custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building?s design made it appear imperable, the institution was necessarily reliable, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architecture symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money. But the attitude toward money has, of course, changed. Excepting pocket money, cash of any kind is now rarely used。 instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect. 62. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The problems faced by leaders. B. How leadership differs in small and large groups. C. How social groups determine who will lead them. D. The role of leaders in social groups. 63. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people bee leaders EXCEPT _____. A. recruitment B. formal election process C. specific leadership training D. traditional cultural patterns 64. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group. B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person. C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership. D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications. 65. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that ______. A. few people qualify as “natural leaders” exist. B. there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist. C. “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group. D. “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics. 66. The passage indicates that instrumental leader generally focus on _______. A. ensuring harmonious relationship B. sharing responsibility with group members C. identifying new leaders D. achieving a goal Passage Three A recent study, published in last week?s Journal of the American Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16year–old driver with three more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger. The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 ., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late – night accident. Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue,” he says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how plex and skilled a task driving is.” Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使 …… 緩解 )the problem is to have states institute so–called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the present of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night or passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges. Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest , with a novice (新手 )driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (without the presence of an adult o