【正文】 july manufactured products november sales orders 1986chairman changes agenda of customer visits created “the card” Evolution continues! 1987 Corporation adipts six sigma 2 year 10x。 safety ? Human resources ? legal ? Manufacturing ? Marketing ? Profuct/service development ? Payroll ? Purchasing ? Sales ? Scheduling ? Training ? Transportation ? Travel The evolution of motorola’s quality culuture 1979 “ Our quality stinks” 1980 corporate quality officer named 1981 motorola training amp。 understandable by the person who is trying to reduce defects Sigma,a figure of merit ? TDUcould be expected to be proportional to the plexity of the unit ? Complexity is directly proporttional to the number of opportunities to creat a defect ? To normalize processes of different plexity, we use: Total defects Opportunities … From which we can calculate sigma DPMO = x 1,000,000 Improvement 7 Sigma(+ sigma shift) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 2 3 4 5 6 (66810 ppm) (6210 ppm) (233 ppm) ( ppm) 30x Improvement 10x Improvement 70x Improvement 6? 5? 3? 4? Defects per Million opportunities Benchmarking 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 2 3 4 5 6 7 Best in class internal + external Repair costs 10% Average pany 1% Defects per Million opportunities Sigma(+ sigma shift) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 2 3 4 5 6 7 Restauant bills Doctor prescription writing Payroll processing Order writeup Journal vouchers Wire transfer Airline baggage handing Purchased material lot reject rate Benchmarking Best in class Average pany Sigma(+ sigma shift) Defects per Million opportunities Process quality levels may vary widely within a pany ( PPM) ? 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 2 3 4 5 6 7 Airline baggage handling Domestic airline flight fatality raate Best in class Average pany Sigma(+ sigma shift) Defects per Million opportunities Implementation of the six sigma culture Total sustomer satisfaction Six steps to six sigma amp。 Motorola University years 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 0 50 100 150 200 250 97 98 99 300 00 Sales per employee (thousands) sales Question amp。 institutionalize Problem splve analyze Defect analysis is done by the appropriate anization: Marketing Engineering Manufacturing Materials service etc… Process step 1 Process step 2 Process step 3 Record defects Trend chart/Goal Record defects Record defects Record defects Record defects supplier customer Institutionalize solutions procedure DPMO Enables regular review of continuous improvement performance ? Corporate level review ? Business level review ? Group or division review ? Product line review ? Production line review ? Operator level review ? Same measurement – same improvement goal Spectrum CVD 100 50 20 10 5 2 1 Total defects per unit Vision only TDU 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Years 目標(biāo) 實(shí)際 4? = 188 5? 5 6? Guidelines 1996年 7月 MOTOROLA CORPORATE 品質(zhì)評(píng)鑑系統(tǒng) QSR： assessment vehicle for the total anization ? Sets a mon goal of perfection ? Drives progress to world class standards ? Provides an awardreness of qualit