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the environment Local munity participation in town planning Local investments in environmental management Adherence to environmental standards Public awareness Declining biodiversity Accountability Macroforces Demographic changes Unplanned urbanisation Consumerist lifestyle Widening gap between rich and poor Deforestation Decline in soil productivity Decline in quality of mons Limited access to Power Decisionmaking structure Natural resources Common Pool Resources Information Ideologies Topbottom approaches in governance Growthoriented development Insensitivity to local culture and local environment by the State and the Private sector Disasters Root Causes Dynamic Pressures Unsafe Conditions Hazards THE PROGRESSION OF VULNERABILITY Figure 1 Pressure and Release (PAR) Model: Origi