英語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文onenglishambiguityzhaobanghongoutline(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 e variation (or the general movement) of the pitch of the voice in connected speech (Yu Hui 2020:23). In oral English, sentences convey different information because of intonation placements, thus ambiguity occurs. Consider the following example: (1) a. She has two classmates in Beijing. （例子用五號字體，全文同一編號） b. SHE has two classmates in Beijing. c. She has TWO classmates in Beijing. d. She has two CLASSMATES in Beijing. e. She has two classmates in BEIJING. Sentence ( 1a) can be interpreted in four ways with stress on four words. When the stress is on the word “she”, it means that “It is she who has two classmates in Beijing”。 Sentence (9b) can be paraphrased as “It was in Beijing where I bought a present to my sister”. Multiple Syntactic Functions Such ambiguity es from the fact that a sentence element may play more than one syntactic role in a sentence. Considering the following sentence: (10) I came across Alice in the street. If “in the street” functions as locative adverbial, Sentence (10) is interpreted as “I came across Alice and we were bot h in the street”。 but if he is an American, he will go to the floor on ground level. Syntactic Ambiguity “Syntactic ambiguity attains in those sentences in which strings of words can be grouped in different ways or in which words can have different grammatical functions depending on the inferred relations among them” (Hu Zhuanglin 2020:205). There are three causes of syntactic ambiguity: multiple constituent structures, multiple syntactic roles and ellipsis. Multiple Constituent Structures In analyzing the structure of sentences and phrases, we know that sentences or phrases are posed of constituents. “A sentence does not only have a linear structure, consisting of individual words one after another in a line。 Part Three will classify ambiguity into phonological, lexical, syntactic and pragmatic level。 reasons。 when on “two”, it implies that “she has only two classmates in Beijing, no more or no less”。 if “in the street” serves as the plement of the object “ Alice”, it is interpreted as “I came across Alice who was in the street and I need not have been in the street”. (11) Go and ask the Dean who will teach us English. In Example (11), if we regard whoclause as an objective clause, it means “the dean will not be our English teacher”。 on the other hand, words disappeared once they lost the favor of the speech munity, such as “fain”(gladly), “beseem”(to be suitable), “wot”(to know) and so on. Look at the following example: (6) Only some of the visitors gained admittance into the clean room. In Sentence (6), “clean room” means “a room without dirt in our daily life”. But now it is also considered as “a room which frees from impurities pletely where is used to produce elaborate accessories”. If the addressee doesn’t know the new meaning of “clean room”, misunderstanding will occur. Similar lexical ambiguity can also be see
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