【正文】 zes Along with the puter hardware swift and violent development, the microputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microputer line protection hardware has experienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists cpu structure microputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi cpu structure, latter developed to the main line does not leave the module the big modular structure, the performance enhances greatly, obtained the widespread application. Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops the microputer protection also is from 8 cpu, develops to take the labor controlling machine core partially as the foundation 32 microputers protection. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginning has developed 16 cpu is the foundation microputer line protection, obtained the big area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many times. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 cpu as the foundation microputer line protection, in 1988 namely started to study take 32 digital signals processor (dsp) as the foundation protection, the control, the survey integration microputer installment, at present cooperated with the Zhuhai Jin automatic equipment pany develops one kind of function plete 32 big modules, a module was a miniputer. Uses 32 microputers chips only to focus by no means on the precision, because of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect。s, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 6039。s. This is a time which the mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers, was our country relay protection technology development has laid the solid foundation. From the end of the 5039。s function. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, southeast the university, the North China electric power institute, the Xian Jiaotong University, the Tianjin University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, the Chongqing University and the Nanjing electric power automation research institute one after another has all developed the different principle, the different pattern microcomputer protective device. In 1984 the original North China electric power institute developed the transmission line microputer protective device first through the appraisal, and in the system the find application, had opened in our country relay protection history the new page, protected the promotion for the microputer to pave the way. In the host equipment protection aspect, the generator which southeast the university and Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops loses magism protection, the generator protection and the generator?Bank of transformers protection also one after another in 1989, in 1994 through appraisal, investment movement. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute develops microputer line protective device also in 1991 through appraisal. The Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development microputer phase voltage pensated the type direction high frequency protection, the Xian Jiaotong University and the Xu Chang relay factory cooperation development positive sequence breakdown ponent direction high frequency protection also one after another in 1993, in 1996 through the appraisal. Heres, the different principle, the different type microputer line and the host equipment protect unique, provided one batch of new generation of performance for the electrical power system fine, the function has been plete, the work reliable relay protection installment. Along with the microputer protective device research, in microputer aspect and so on protection software, algorithm has also yielded the very many theories result. May say started our country relay protection technology from the 9039。 50年代，我國工程技術(shù)人員創(chuàng)造性地吸收、消化、掌握了國外先進的繼電保護設(shè)備性能和運行技術(shù)，建成了一支具有深厚繼電保護理論造詣和豐富運行經(jīng)驗的繼電保護技術(shù)隊伍，對全國繼電保護技術(shù)隊伍 的建立和成長起了指導(dǎo)作用。到 80 年代末集成電路保護已形成完整系列，逐漸取代晶體管保護。天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動化設(shè)備廠合作研制的微機相電壓補償式方向高頻保護，西安交通大學(xué)與許昌繼電器廠合作研制的正序故障分量方向高頻保護也相繼于 199 1996 年通過鑒定。 南京電力自動化研究院一開始就研制了 16 位 cpu 為基礎(chǔ)的微機線路保護，已 得到大面積推廣，目前也在研究 32位保護硬件系統(tǒng)。由于當時小型機體積大、成本高、可靠性差，這個設(shè)想是不現(xiàn)實的。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為信息和數(shù)據(jù)通信工具已成為信息時代的技術(shù)支柱，使人類生產(chǎn)和社會生活的面貌發(fā)生了根本變化。顯然 ，實現(xiàn)這種系統(tǒng)保護的基本條件是將全系統(tǒng)各主要設(shè)備的保護裝置用計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)接起來，亦即實現(xiàn)微機保護裝置的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。在母線區(qū)外故障時，各保護單元都計算為外部故障均不動作。所敷設(shè)的大量控制電纜不但要大量投資，而且使二次回路非常復(fù)雜。 智能化 近年來，人工智能技術(shù)如神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、遺傳算法、進化規(guī)劃、模糊邏輯等在電力系統(tǒng)各個領(lǐng)域都得到了應(yīng)用，在繼電保護領(lǐng)域 應(yīng)用的研究也已開始［ 7］。隨著電力系統(tǒng)的高速發(fā)展和計算機技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)的進步，繼電保護技術(shù)面臨著進一步發(fā)展的趨勢。將這些人工智能方法適當結(jié)合可使求解速度更快。在采用 ota 和 otv 的情況下，保護裝置應(yīng)放在距 ota 和 otv 最近的地方，亦即應(yīng)放在被保護設(shè)備附近。 保護、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化 在實現(xiàn)繼電 保護的計算機化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的條件下，保護裝置實際上就是一臺高性能、多功能的計算機，是整個電力系統(tǒng)計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的一個智能終端。對自適應(yīng)保護原理的研究已經(jīng)過很長的時間，也取得了一定的成果，但要真正實現(xiàn)保護對系統(tǒng)運行方式和故障狀態(tài)的自適應(yīng)，必須獲得更多的系統(tǒng)運行和故障信息，只有實現(xiàn)保護的計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，才能做到這一點。這主要是由于缺乏強有力的數(shù)據(jù)通信手段。 (2)尺寸和結(jié)構(gòu)與目前的微機保護裝置相似，工藝精良、 防震、防過熱、防電磁干擾能力強，可運行于非常惡劣的工作環(huán)境，成本可接受。 cpu 的寄存器、數(shù)據(jù)總線、地址總線都是 32 位的，具有存儲器管理功能、存儲器保護