【正文】 stment strategies or project designs. Usually expressed in moary terms as Internal Rate of xiao yi fei yong fen xi, cheng ben xiao yi fen xi 效益 費(fèi)用分析 , 成本效益分析 對(duì)實(shí)際或者建議的水資源計(jì)劃或項(xiàng)目的總效益與總費(fèi)用進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，用于對(duì)不同的投資戰(zhàn)略或者項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行比較排序。, nei bu shou yi l252。如果經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)部回收率等于或者大于中央銀行 折現(xiàn)率 ，該投資在經(jīng)濟(jì)上對(duì)政府是有吸引力的，該折現(xiàn)率反映了將投資資本借給其它方面可獲得的利息。 bilateral development assistance Development assistance provided directly from the donor country to the recipient county shuang bian kai fa yuan zhu 雙邊開發(fā)援助 直接由援助國(guó)向受援國(guó)提供的開發(fā)援助。也稱為 鉆井 。也指區(qū)域性的暴雨排水和防洪服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)，它們負(fù)責(zé)管理主要的排水渠道、泵站或者維護(hù)保護(hù)大片土地的防洪河堤或者海堤。 catchment An area in which runoff drains to a single river or lake. The area can be delimited by tracing a line along the highest elevations between two rivers on a map. Also liu yu, ji shui qu, hui shui pen di 流域；集水區(qū)，匯水盆地 徑流賴以匯集流入單一河流或者湖泊的區(qū)域。 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 erosion, sediment transport and other water quality parameters climate The sum of the meteorological elements that characterize the average and extreme conditions of the atmosphere over a long period of time at any one place or region of the earth39。 munity water system A drinking water system serving at least 15 household connections used by yearround residents of the area served by the system she qu yong shui xi tong 社區(qū)用水系統(tǒng) 在服務(wù)區(qū)域內(nèi)至少有 15戶常住居民用水接管的飲用水系統(tǒng)。 consumeroriented Attitudes and practices of a water pany or agency that actively and positively address consumer demands, concerns and plaints mian xiang yong hu de 面向用戶的 供水公司或機(jī)構(gòu)積極滿足消費(fèi)者需求、處理其意見與投訴的態(tài)度與做法。 costs The expenditures needed to implement a construction or general development project, including the direct costs of goods, services and administration as well fei yong 費(fèi)用 實(shí)施建設(shè)項(xiàng)目或者一般開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的花費(fèi)，包括物資、服務(wù)和管理的直接費(fèi)用，也包括負(fù)面的社會(huì)或者環(huán)境影響所帶來的間接費(fèi)用。見 效益費(fèi)用分析 。 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 also water harvesting. conservation pricing Water tariff structures that give users a financial incentive to reduce water usage and water losses. See also demand management. jie shui shui jia, jie shui ding jia 節(jié)水水價(jià)，節(jié)水定價(jià) 為減少用水和水損向用戶提供經(jīng)濟(jì)鼓勵(lì)的水價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu)。 plumbing codes Technical standards for the design and construction of water and wastewater installations and facilities in guan dao gong cheng gui cheng 管道工程規(guī)程 建筑物內(nèi)給水和污水設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì)與施工技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這些問題包括土壤侵蝕、突發(fā)洪水和環(huán)境惡化。包括資產(chǎn)折舊和債務(wù)還本付息 ， 即支付貸款的利息和償還本金。districts39。在英語中也是代表 井孔 或 鉆井 的行話。 best management practice An empirically proven, costeffective and beneficial way of managing a pany that is widely accepted among sector professionals as the standard to follow zui jia guan li fang fa, zui jia guan li mo shi 最佳管理方法 , 最佳管理模式 經(jīng)過實(shí)踐證明、成本有效、有益的公司管理模式，在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)被公認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) Measure of the economic efficiency of government investment in a water project calculated as the average annual profit over the lifetime of the investment, using prices that exclude government duties, taxes and subsidies. The investment is economically attractive to government if EIRR is equal to or higher than the central bank discount rate, which reflects the interest that could be gained by lending the invested capital to other purposes. jing ji nei bu hui shou l252。見 內(nèi)部回收率 和 經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)部回收率 。 beneficial use The use of water for a socially, economically, or environmentally useful purpose. Commonly the following uses are recognized as beneficial: domestic, municipal, industrial, irrigation, mining, hydroelectric power, navigation, recreation, livestock raising, public parks, wildlife and game preserves. you yi yong shui, you xiao yong shui 有益用水 ， 有效用水 出于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)或環(huán)境方面的有益目的而用水。主要在開發(fā)項(xiàng)目中用于 “前 后 ”狀況的 比較。 audit (financial) Examination of financial records of an agency or pany to determine if the records are accurate and provide a realistic account of the financial status of the agency or pany shen ji (cai wu) 審計(jì)（財(cái)務(wù)） 檢查機(jī)構(gòu)或者公司的財(cái)務(wù)記錄，以確定記錄是否準(zhǔn)確，是否反映了該機(jī)構(gòu)或者公司的實(shí)際財(cái)務(wù)狀況。 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 geophones or listening sticks leakage control Systematic program to minimize leakage from water distribution works by use of appropriate materials, pressure tests of new piping, leakage detection campaigns, maintenance and repair shen lou kong zhi 滲漏控制 最大限度地減少配水管網(wǎng)滲漏的系統(tǒng)性計(jì)劃，包括使用適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧?,對(duì)新管線進(jìn)行壓力試驗(yàn) ,開展?jié)B漏檢測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng) ,進(jìn)行維護(hù)和修理等。 charge Price of water supply or wastewater discharge payable to the government agency or other pany providing the service shou fei， shui fei 水費(fèi) ,收費(fèi) 應(yīng)當(dāng)向政府機(jī)構(gòu)或者其它提供服務(wù)的公司支付的供水或者污水排放價(jià)格。為此，對(duì)于一些術(shù)語和短語，對(duì)其在其他學(xué)科、機(jī)構(gòu)或地理區(qū)域可 能常見的用法或者替換詞進(jìn)行了解釋。 WRDMAP 項(xiàng)目決定將目前版本的術(shù)語表印刷成冊(cè)，盡管專家們指出它還存在諸多不足之處。 This draft/preliminary version of the Water Resources Demand Management Project Glossary has been assembled under the Water Resources Demand Management Project funded by DFID and carried out by MWR. The Glossary was started during the earlier Water Sector Development Project and was subsequently further developed during the period prior to the mencement of WRDMAP. It has been decided to print this version despite the fact that WRDMAP experts have identified many shortings in the document. These have been corrected to the extent possible during the Inception Phase of the Project. However, it is intended to reprint an improved second edition at the end of 2021 incorporating ments and modifications, suggesti