【正文】 cause of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect。當(dāng)時(shí) 繼電器廠引進(jìn)消 化國(guó)外先進(jìn)的繼電器制造技術(shù)，建立了我國(guó)繼電器制造業(yè)。 集成電路保護(hù)的 開(kāi)發(fā)，生產(chǎn)，應(yīng)用 到 90 年代仍然占 主導(dǎo)地位，這是集成電路保護(hù) 的 時(shí) 代 。 在不同的原則，不同類型的微機(jī)線路和主設(shè)備保護(hù)獨(dú)特 之上 ， 又 提供 了一批新的新一代電力系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)良性能，功能 已經(jīng)完善 ，工作可靠的繼電保護(hù)裝置。東南大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的微機(jī)主機(jī)設(shè)備的保護(hù)也通過(guò)了多次改進(jìn)和增強(qiáng) 。當(dāng)時(shí)因?yàn)?體積大，成本高，可靠性差，這個(gè)設(shè)想是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 化 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)成為信息時(shí)代的信息和數(shù)據(jù)通信工具的技術(shù)支柱，導(dǎo)致了人類的生產(chǎn)和社會(huì)生活中出現(xiàn)了徹底改變。顯然，實(shí)現(xiàn)這種系統(tǒng)保護(hù)的基本條件是加入整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的每個(gè)主設(shè)備保護(hù)裝置，是實(shí)現(xiàn)微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置聯(lián)網(wǎng)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。當(dāng)母線區(qū)域細(xì)分，每個(gè)保護(hù)單元都計(jì)算為外部故障不采取 動(dòng) 作 。但如果上述的保護(hù)，控制，調(diào)查，數(shù)據(jù)通信一體 化在 計(jì)算機(jī)上安裝，將保護(hù)裝置安裝在室外變電站附近，由保護(hù)裝置 把電壓，電流變?yōu)閿?shù)字量后，將提供給 計(jì)算機(jī) ，通過(guò) 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 進(jìn)行傳輸 ，則可能避免 大量的控制電纜。 智能化 近年來(lái)，人工智能技術(shù)如神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，遺傳算法，進(jìn)化規(guī)劃，模糊邏輯 等等 ，在 電力系統(tǒng)中的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域 都得到了 廣泛 應(yīng)用，也開(kāi)始在繼電保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用 進(jìn)行 研究。 3 結(jié)論 建國(guó)以來(lái)，中國(guó)的電力系統(tǒng)保護(hù)技術(shù)已經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)階段 。天津大學(xué)進(jìn)行的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)型繼電保護(hù)從 1996 年開(kāi)始 研究，已經(jīng)取得了初步的 成 果 ?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供保護(hù)裝置的操作控制命令 ，通過(guò)這一綜合裝置，進(jìn)行斷路 器操作和判斷 。 目前，為了調(diào)查，保護(hù)和控制的需要，室外變電站的所有設(shè)備，如變壓器，二次電壓 線等，所有的電流必須使用直接的控制電纜。天津大學(xué)在 1993 年根據(jù) 在未來(lái)的三峽水電站 500kV 超高壓多回線路母線分布式母線保護(hù)的原則之 上，提出這樣的看法，這種設(shè)備最終 研制成功。因?yàn)槔^電器的 保護(hù)功能不僅限于切除故障部分，并限制事故影響的范圍（這是最重要的任務(wù)），但也必須保證整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。 外文翻譯 （譯文） 15 繼電保護(hù)裝置，計(jì)算機(jī)化是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。這就要求 微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置相當(dāng)于一臺(tái) PC 機(jī)的功能。華中科技大學(xué)的發(fā)展也從 8 個(gè) CPU 的微機(jī)保護(hù)，發(fā)展 成 以 采取工控機(jī)核心部分為基礎(chǔ)的 32 微機(jī)保護(hù)。南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院開(kāi)發(fā)微機(jī)線路保護(hù)裝置也于 1991 年通過(guò)鑒定。 從 70 年代開(kāi)始， 是 基于集成運(yùn)算放大器的集成電路保護(hù)研究。 建國(guó) 之后 ，我國(guó)繼電保護(hù)學(xué)科，繼電 保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)，繼電器制造工業(yè)和繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊(duì)伍從無(wú)到有， 大約 10 年的時(shí)間就已經(jīng)完成，然而在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家需要半個(gè)多世紀(jì)才能完成 。s, the institutions of higher learning and the scientific research courtyard institute forerunner39。s establishment. The relay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has pleted the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching plete system in the 6039。s to the 8039。 32 microputers chips have the very high integration rate more importantly, very high operating frequency and putation speed, very big addressing space, rich mand system and many inputs outlet. The CPU register, the data bus, the address bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory protection function and the duty transformation function, and (cache) and the floating number part all integrates the high speed buffer in CPU. The electrical power system the request which protects to the microputer enhances unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the 外文翻譯（原文） 6 large capacity breakdown information and the data longterm storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic capacity, with other protections, the control device and dispatches the working by to share the entire system data, the information and the work resources ability, the higher order language programming and so on. This requests the microputer protective device to have is equal to a pc machine function. In the puter protection development initial period, once conceived has made the relay protection installment with a miniputer. At that time because the small machine volume big, the cost high, the reliability was bad, this tentative plan was not realistic. Now, with the microputer protective device size similar labor controlling machine function, the speed, the storage capacity greatly has surpassed the same year small machine, therefore, made the relay protection with plete set labor controlling machine the opportunity already to be mature, this will be one of development directions which the microputer protected. The Tianjin University has developed the relay protection installment which Cheng Yong tong microputer protective device structure quite same not less than one kind of labor controlling machine performs to change artificially bees. This kind of equipment merit includes: has the 486pc machine plete function, can satisfy each kind of function request which will protect to current and the future microputer. size and structure and present microputer protective device similar, the craft excellent, quakeproof, guards against has been hot, guards against electromagic interference ability, may move in the very severe working conditions, the cost may accept. Uses the STD main line or the pc main line, the hardware modulation, may select the different module willfully regarding the different protection, the disposition nimble, and is easy to expand. Relay protection installment, puterizes is the irreversible development tendency. How but to satisfies the electrical power system request well, how further enhances the relay protection the reliability, how obtains the bigger economic efficiency and the social efficiency, still must conduct specifically the thorough research. 外文翻譯（原文） 7 worked The puter work has bee the information age as the information and the data munication tool the technical prop, caused the human production and the social life appearance has had the radical change. It profoundly is affecting each industry domain, also has provided the powerful means of munication for each industry domain. So far, besides the differential motion protection and the vertical association protection, all relay protections installment all only can respond the protection installment place electricity spirit. The relay protection function also only is restricted in the excision breakdown part, reduces the accident to affect the scope