外文翻譯---校園智能卡(存儲版)
【正文】 re, many cards bad a signature field. Protection against forgery was provided by visual features. Therefore, the system?s security depended pletely on the retail staff accepting the cards. However, this was not an overwhelming problem due to the card?s initial exclusivity. There was a pressing need for machinereadable cards to reduce handling cost in addition to the fact that card issuer?s losses due grew from year to year due to fraud [2]. The first improvement consisted of a magic strip on the back of the card. This allowed digital data to be stored on the card in a machinereadable form as a supplement to the visual data. Additionally, security is enhanced by the use of a secret personal identification number (PIN) that is pared to a reference number stored in the magic strip [3]. Although the embossed card with a magic strip is still the most monly used type of payment card, they suffer from a severe weakness in that data stored on the strip can be read, deleted and rewritten by anyone with access to the appropriate equipment. 3 PIN must be stored in the host system in a secure environment, instead of on the magic strip. Most systems that employ magic strip cards have online connections to the system?s host puter for security reasons. However, this generates considerable data transmission costs. The development of the smart card, bined with the expansion of electronic data processing has created pletely new possibilities for solving this problem. Progress in microelectronics in the 1970?s made it possible to integrate data storage and arithmetic logic on a single silicon chip measuring a few square millimeters [2]. The ideas of incorporating such an integrated circuit into an ID card was contained in a patent application filed in Japan by Kunitaka Arimura in Japan concerning “a plastic card incorporating one or more integrated circuit chips for the generationof distinguishing signals” in1970 [3]. However, the first real progress in the development of smart cards came when Ronal Moreno registered his smart card patent on “an independent electronic object with memory” in France in 1974. A breakthrough was achieved in 1984, when the French telemunication authorities decided to use prepaid chip cards for public pay phones due to the increasing vandalism and theft. Chip cards were demonstrated to be a cost effective solution. The French example was followed by many other countries. Today, more than 100 countries use chip cards for their public phone systems. By 1990 the total number of smart cards reached 60 million cards [4]. Today, several billion smart cards are in use worldwide. 3. Types of Smart Cards Smart cards are posed of a chip, an interface between the chip and the card reader, and a plastic body. Smart cards are classified according to the chip type。目前 ,智能卡在幾個主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用 ,如教育、醫(yī)療、銀行、娛樂和運(yùn)輸。他們針對全面的 安全威脅提供保護(hù) ,從用戶密碼的不安全存儲到復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)的修改。進(jìn) 一步來說 ,許多卡有一個簽名區(qū)域。 在 1984 年當(dāng)法國電信部門針對逐漸增加的破壞和偷竊決定使用預(yù)付費(fèi)芯片卡支付公共電話費(fèi)時智能 卡取得了重大突破 ,。他們也可以根據(jù)與讀卡器通信的方式不同進(jìn)行分類。這個芯片包含了一個用于管理內(nèi)存分配和檔案存取得微處理器或微控制器。這種卡通過其上一個八針或六針的針頭從物理上連接到讀卡器。它包括用于與接觸式讀卡器通信的接觸類型，也包括用于與射頻式讀卡器通信的天線。 CMC 將會控制一個連接到大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的文件數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器 ,使該系統(tǒng)可以訪問學(xué)生信息系統(tǒng) (SIS)及相關(guān)人員工資數(shù)據(jù)庫 (PPS)。 CPS 工作于客戶機(jī) /服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu) , 用于個性化過程的應(yīng)用放在服務(wù)器端。該系統(tǒng)提供了對校門，建筑物，實(shí)驗(yàn)室、圖書館、娛樂中心和停車場的訪問控制，如圖 4 所示。此外 ,它重點(diǎn)介紹了KFUPM 智能卡系統(tǒng)。 圖５ 銷售點(diǎn)系統(tǒng) 結(jié)論 本文介紹了智能卡技術(shù)。 訪問控制系統(tǒng) (ACS)負(fù)責(zé)控制所有定義的訪問管制區(qū)。然而 ,正在處理記錄在被傳送到持卡人數(shù)據(jù)庫 之前，可以在短時間內(nèi)暫存在 CIS 本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫中，從而減
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