【正文】 s to address the unfair distribution of water resources conflicts. The natural distribution of water resources and water resources development and utilization of historical determinism in the distribution of different social groups from the unfairness. The division of administrative areas of the valley leading to the water relations are plicated. In the allocation of water rights is necessary to protect the fairness of social groups, water and basic water needs, to protect the rights and opportunities for equitable water use. Through the realization of the harmony within human society, and thus achieve the harmony between man and nature. Maintenance of people between different regions of the fair (Regional Balance), between the contemporary fair (intragenerational equity), between the contemporary and future generations of equity (intergenerational equity), to ensure that water development and benefit all people and future generations, promote sustainable development. ④ Current water system and the urgent need to address the direction of people39。s livelihood and water thinking theory origin. Utilization of water resources and economic and social development of the proposed practice of water demand is the reality of people39。s health. ② The second level of demand and the people bee rich mainly refers to the development of production, improve living standards related to water demand, such as irrigation infrastructure, soil erosion, water and postresettlement support policy, rural small hydropower development and so on. When such demands can not be met. Will seriously affect people39。s livelihood project, Resources, Environment and Ecological Water Conservancy basis. The latter39。人們在治水興水過程中對水利的認識逐漸提高，進而又促進了水利實踐活動。改革開放以來，隨著經(jīng)濟社會的持續(xù)發(fā)展，工農(nóng)業(yè)和居民生活用水量迅速增加，對水資源的依賴程度也在不斷增大。都需要根據(jù)不同地區(qū)、不同產(chǎn)業(yè)、不同民眾的實際水利需求。宣公十二年》上，所謂“民生在勤，勤則不匱”。作出了關于社會主義本質(zhì)的論斷．他指出：“社會主義的本質(zhì)，是解放生產(chǎn)力。做到發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享。直接關系到國家防洪安全、糧食安全、供水安全和生態(tài)安全．關系到民眾的生命安全和身體健康，關系到人與自然相和諧的生態(tài)文明建設、全面建設小康社會以及經(jīng)濟社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。堅持民生為先。②民生水利在統(tǒng)籌兼顧的前提下，特別注重解決與“三農(nóng)”相關的水利問題。⑤民生水利建立在資源水利、環(huán)境水利、生態(tài)水利等水利發(fā)展思路的 基礎上．其理論體系是一 脈相承并逐漸向前發(fā)展的。資源水利注重水資源開發(fā)、利用、治理、配置、節(jié)約和保護統(tǒng)籌研究，在很大程度上彌補了工程水利重建設輕管理、重經(jīng)濟效益輕社會效益和環(huán)境效益的不足，其關于水資源統(tǒng)一配置、統(tǒng)一調(diào)度、統(tǒng)一管理的思路，被民生水利所借鑒。與此類似，人民群眾的水利需求也可劃分為 3 個層次 ,①第一個層次的需求稱為基本水利需求，主要是指與人民的生命財產(chǎn)、身體健康直接相關的需求，例如防洪減災、飲水安全、血吸蟲病防治、病險水庫除險加固等。我國水資源開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展對水利提出的實踐需求是民生水利思路 形成的現(xiàn)實依據(jù)，我國水利建設的經(jīng)驗教訓為民生水利的提出提供了可借鑒的經(jīng)驗。在水權分配中 要切實保障社會群體用水的公平性和基本用水需求，保障水資源利用權利和機會公平．通過實現(xiàn)人類社會內(nèi)部的和諧，進而達到人與自然的和諧．維護不同區(qū)域之間的人的公平 (區(qū)際公平 )、當代人之間的公平 (代內(nèi)公平 )、當代人與后代人之間的公平 (代際公平 )，確保水利發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民及子孫后代，促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展。要充分發(fā)揮水利在改善民生中的作用．必須繼續(xù)堅持發(fā)展水利事業(yè)．發(fā)展的目標必須是讓廣大老百姓滿意．維護老百姓最根本的利益。過去重視用水效益，但在水利投入和水資源配置上存在比較嚴重的失衡現(xiàn)象．民生問題仍然很突出。與民眾的生產(chǎn)生活息息相關．在改善民生中具有極為重要的戰(zhàn)略地位和作用。胡錦濤同志提出的“科學發(fā)展觀”在繼承上述思想基礎上。孫中山的“民生”概念是在中國處于半封建半殖民的社會背景下提出來的．具有鮮明的時代特征。理清民生與水利的關系．有利于確認民生水利的內(nèi)涵，有助于理解民生水利的基本理論。在水利事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展的同時，與水利相關的民生問題卻越來越突出．廣大人民群眾不能充分享受水利發(fā)展的成果。 1934 年，中國水利工程學會第三屆年會決議提 出：“水利應包括防洪、排水、灌溉、水力、水道、給水、污渠、港工八種工程在內(nèi)”，這是近代中國對“水利”所包含內(nèi)容的概括。 關鍵詞： 民生水利；內(nèi)涵；基本理論 一、 前言 人類的生存發(fā)展離不開水．而水的自然 循環(huán)狀態(tài)又不能完全滿足人類的需求．因此人類很早就開始通過工程措施對水加以約束和引導，以達到興水利除水害的目的。s irrigation infrastructure. Supporting the implementation of watersaving irrigation and irrigation reform. Improving irrigation and drainage facilities, to enhance agricultural store cited for water capacity, increase effective irrigation area of grain and other crops stable ine. Ensure food security: Some reservoir area by the rural migration occurs after returning Poverty. Need to implement resettlement in water policy, after helping to establish longterm mechanism, and the need to actively explore ways to water based industrial development. The establishment of government guidance, marketdriven, people subject to water a new mechanism for development of basic industries. Gradually form of water for water to water for fishing, running water, hydro and fisheries bined with a good mechanism to speed up the industrialization process, improve the industrial economic efficiency. To help local farmers escape poverty. Some mountainous areas are still outstanding issues of power shortage. Urgent need to improve living conditions of farmers. From the overall interests of farmers, protect the environment, promote economic development perspective. Need to strengthen rural Small Hydropower Project. (3) economic and social sustainable development, water demand for water is to optimize the development of human settlements. Realize the importance of harmony between man and nature means and basic ways. In our economy is relatively more developed regions and cities, on the third level of the water needs of more urgent. Need to rely on water for the people to create a good living environment, promote the new rural development and ecological civilization, man and nature live in harmony. At the same time. Need to develop urban and developed areas of water as a carrier of water landscape and water culture to enrich people39。s water demand can be divided into three levels, ① the needs of the first level is called a basic water needs, mainly refers to people39。s economic and social development of the new requirements. Rely on water from the water to improve people39。s livelihood can not unrealistic. Beyond the Water Resources Development. Water can not lag behind the development of the scientific concept of development must be based on water and people39。s livelihood Water Ministry of Water Resources in March 22, 2020 the People39。s livelihood. The second is to improve the livelihood of the people on the proposed water development of new, higher demands. First. Water is the basic livelihood of the people. Production and people39。s lives: the people39。s livelihood, water, water helps to understand the basic theory of people39。s vast territory, different natural conditions and economic and social development levels differ significantly, the traditional thinking too much emphasis on