【正文】 。 下一個(gè)來數(shù)據(jù)庫名字和最后證明數(shù)據(jù) 。他只要建立一些基礎(chǔ)的形式就行了，想要運(yùn)行任何客戶的疑問一定要首先提供一些形式，這將會(huì)授權(quán)與客戶的國書 ； 客戶也要有一定的定義請(qǐng)求和回應(yīng)的格式 。 然而， SQL 也能用來產(chǎn)生并且設(shè)計(jì)整個(gè)的數(shù)據(jù)庫，運(yùn)行被送回的數(shù)據(jù)上的各種不同的功能 ,甚至運(yùn)行其他的程序 。 許多技術(shù)上的空白導(dǎo)致了 SQL 在運(yùn)行時(shí)很多細(xì)節(jié)被攻擊的事，而且很多的易受攻擊的地方被寄到完全地描述數(shù)據(jù)庫申請(qǐng)能是多么的某開發(fā)的安全目錄。數(shù)據(jù)庫信息系統(tǒng)軟件將保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)庫的安全性和完整性，對(duì)用戶而言，分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫和非分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫看起來沒有什么差別。分布式文件服務(wù)器將文件分散到不同的計(jì)算機(jī)上，而不是將它們集中存放到專門的文件服務(wù)器上。 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是它們常以主機(jī)中心模型為基礎(chǔ)，在這種模型中，大型主機(jī)看起來好像是雇主，而終端和個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)看起來好像是奴隸。 對(duì)象模型使用的查詢語言與開發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)庫程序所使用的面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)語言是相同的，因?yàn)闆]有像 SQL 這樣簡(jiǎn)單統(tǒng)一的查詢語言，所以會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些問題。這種將記錄和鏈接捆綁到一起的方法叫做指針，他是指向一個(gè)記錄存儲(chǔ)位置的存儲(chǔ)地址。 關(guān)系模型 在 1970 年，數(shù)據(jù)庫研究取得了重大突破。一些記錄時(shí)根目錄，在其他所有記錄都有獨(dú)立的父記錄。簡(jiǎn)言之， DBMS 將“管理”存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)，并從公共數(shù)據(jù)庫中匯集所需的數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)以回答非程序員的詢問。 通過關(guān)鍵字以及各種分類（排序）命令，用戶可以對(duì)多條記錄的字段進(jìn)行查詢，重新整理，分組或選擇，以實(shí)體對(duì)某一類數(shù)據(jù)的檢索，也可以生成報(bào)表。 the client also must define the format of the request and response. This connection is defined by several attributes, depending on the relative location of the client and what operating systems are in use. We could spend a whole article discussing various technologies such as DSN connections, DSNless connections, RDO, ADO, and more, but these subjects are outside the scope of this article. If you want to learn more about them, a little Google39。揚(yáng)州大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (外文翻譯 ) 1 外文資料 Database Management Systems A database (sometimes spelled data base) is also called an electronic database , referring to any collection of data, or information, that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a puter. Databases are structured to facilitate the storage, retrieval , modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various dataprocessing operations .Databases can be stored on magic disk or tape, optical disk, or some other secondary storage device. A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage , and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database . Using keywords and various sorting mands, users can rapidly search , rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregate of data. Complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but the simplest databases .The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating ,accessing, and maintaining database records is called a database management system(DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database.. (These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.) A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements form the database. This capability enables decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports. These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined ,but people can “browse” through the database until they have the needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the mon database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. A database management system (DBMS) is posed of three major parts:(1)a storage subsystem that stores and retrieves data in files。 This short SQL mand returns to the client the list of files and folders under the c:\ directory of the SQL server. Note that this example uses an extended stored procedure that is exclusive to MS SQL Server. The second function that database server applications share is that they all require some form of authenticated connection between client and host. Although the SQL language is fairly easy to use, at least in its basic form, any client that wants to perform queries must first provide some form of credentials that will authorize the client。數(shù)據(jù)庫用于描述實(shí)體，其中的一個(gè)字段通常表示與實(shí)體的某一屬性相關(guān)的信息。這些問題最初可能是模糊的并且（或者）是定義不恰當(dāng)?shù)?，但是人們可以瀏覽數(shù)據(jù)庫直到獲得所需的信息。 分層模型 揚(yáng)州大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (外文翻譯 ) 8 第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)使用的是 分層模型，也就是說，將數(shù)據(jù)記錄排列成樹形結(jié)構(gòu)。由于數(shù)據(jù)并不總是遵循這種嚴(yán)格的分層關(guān)系，所以這樣可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些問題。 網(wǎng)狀模型 網(wǎng)狀模型在數(shù)據(jù)之間通過鏈接表結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)建關(guān)系，子記錄可以鏈接到多個(gè)父記錄。 對(duì)象模型 最新的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理方法是使用對(duì)象模型，記錄由被稱作對(duì)象的實(shí)體來描述，可以在對(duì)象中存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，同時(shí)提供方法 或程序執(zhí)行特定的任務(wù)。在理想情況下，大型主機(jī)上的數(shù)據(jù)庫看起來像是一個(gè)大的信息倉庫，而大部分處理則在個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)上完成。這是非常有用的，例如，如果文件比較大而且需要快速訪問，在這種情況下，一臺(tái)微型計(jì)算機(jī)或大型主機(jī)將被用作文件服務(wù)器。例如一個(gè)大公司不同部門之間的計(jì)算機(jī)，應(yīng)該將數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在本地，然而