【正文】 然而，在四川省山丘區(qū)農(nóng)村道路投資方式中，仍然有超過(guò) 1/3 的項(xiàng)目完全由村民自籌資金投資，因此要加強(qiáng)村自籌資金的運(yùn)用和管理，以提高其社會(huì)效益。 billion— billion。 14 In mountainous and hilly Sichuan Province,however, the number of rural roads and traffic conditions in mountainous areas especially are still in the poor level, pared to those in the eastern and central regions of China (the asphalt or concrete roads ratio in these village was % and % by the end of 20xx). 有柏油路/ 水泥路經(jīng)過(guò)的村的比例（% ）省道5省道10省道10縣道20縣道20縣道10鄉(xiāng)道5鄉(xiāng)道15鄉(xiāng)道15村道5村道3505101520253035401998年 20xx年 20xx年 圖 1 有柏油路 /水泥路經(jīng)過(guò)的村所占的比例對(duì)比圖 Figure 1 Comparison Chart of Village Proportion That Has Asphalt / Cement Roads Going Through 30% 50% 70% villagebased Roads countybased Roads hamletbased Roads provincebased Roads 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Year 1998 Year 20xx Year 20xx Ratio of Village with Asphalt / Concrete Roads (%) 50% 30% 70% 5 5 200 200 5 150 100 100 100 150 350 15 4 道路項(xiàng)目效益評(píng)價(jià) 4 Road Projects Evaluation 道路項(xiàng)目社會(huì)效益指數(shù) Social Benefits Index of Road Projects 基于兩次調(diào)查的對(duì)比分析，四川省山丘區(qū)農(nóng)村道路項(xiàng)目社會(huì)效益指數(shù)整體有所提高，平均社會(huì)效益指數(shù)分值從 增加到 。 From road types, in hilly villages cement and asphalt roads account for % of the total, gravel and dirt roads % and % respectively。 The ultimate sources of funds are village selffinancing and government investment, representing % and % individually in road projects. In it, mountainous villages have % and % respectively, hilly villages % and %. For funding sources, the former own their own selffinancing and the latter gain government investment 從項(xiàng)目的平均規(guī)模而言，所有樣本村單個(gè)道路項(xiàng)目平均投資規(guī)模為 萬(wàn)元，山區(qū)村項(xiàng)目平均規(guī)模相對(duì)較大，為 萬(wàn)元，丘陵村為 萬(wàn)元（見(jiàn)表2）。 Road Facility Condition 20xx20xx年農(nóng)村道路投資分析 Analyses on Rural Roads Investment in 20xx20xx 調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，樣本村在 20xx20xx 年期間實(shí)施的所有公共投資項(xiàng)目中，道路項(xiàng)目數(shù)最多，資金數(shù)和平均項(xiàng)目規(guī)模也排在前列。由于 每個(gè)村民認(rèn)為本村實(shí)施的項(xiàng)目數(shù)不同 ， 所以不能簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)各個(gè)村所實(shí)施的道路項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行打 分 ，這里主要是采用劉承芳（ 20xx）等處理村民對(duì)公共投資項(xiàng)目社會(huì)效益排序的方法，如果某個(gè)村民將道路排在第一位，那么將道路的社會(huì)效益是 100 分，排在其它位數(shù)的計(jì)算方法為：假設(shè)某個(gè)村在調(diào)查期間內(nèi)實(shí)施了 N 個(gè)項(xiàng)目，村民把道路項(xiàng)目的效益 8 排在第 ni 位，則道路項(xiàng)目的社會(huì)效益得分為： 100*（ N－ ni+1） /N。 how many asphalt roads and cement roads in the village (if there are) , the type of nearest asphalt roads or cement roads. The investment to roads from 20xx to 20xx is based on both the questionnaires from village cadres and villagers. The contents include the investment amount and capital sources. The analysis to the social effect of the road project, the supply and demand of roads, the satisfactory degree is based on the questionnaires from villagers. The contents mainly include: villagers ranking to the public investment programs including roads。根據(jù)每個(gè)樣本村所屬的地貌類型劃分， 20個(gè)樣本村中有 15個(gè)丘陵村和 5個(gè)山區(qū)村。 On the other hand, LI qiang, ect. (20xx) made analyses of condition of the villagelevel public goods investment via the country39。 And because of the mountain residents scattered layout, it causes the needingtobuilding highway mileage far more than the plain areas. Even if there construct a large number of rural roads, it is difficult to reach every villa ge (CHEN guojie, 20xx). 正是由于山區(qū)公路建設(shè)存在的特殊困難和限制因素， 四川 省 不通瀝青（水泥）路的鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）和不通公路的建制村全國(guó)最多。 Rural roads is an important part of the road work, and also one of public infrastructures with the closest relationship with rural areas, agriculture and farmers. 農(nóng)村公路對(duì)繁榮農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、促進(jìn)農(nóng)村社會(huì)進(jìn)步、實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、加快鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)化、方便農(nóng)民勞作，開(kāi)闊農(nóng)民視野具有重要的作用和深遠(yuǎn)的意義（陶峰等， 20xx）。 Studies have shown that: social index improved road projects, the villagers to improve road facilities satisfactory, most of the sample villages implemented most of the villagers needed road projects, road projects with good results. 但是，山丘區(qū)現(xiàn)有農(nóng)村道路仍然不能很好地滿足村民需求，山區(qū)村政府出資用于道路項(xiàng)目的投資份額較小，應(yīng)繼續(xù)加大道路投資力度，同時(shí)要更好地注重村 1 中國(guó)科學(xué)院西部之光（ 09R2340340）、中國(guó)科學(xué)院“百人計(jì)劃”項(xiàng)目“社區(qū)治理、農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革與農(nóng)村公共投資”和中國(guó)科學(xué)院重要方向性項(xiàng)目（ KZCX2EW317）資助。 of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, zip 100101 。 Social index。 in Western region with ordinary roads, in order to improve the management and protection system. “ 十一五 ” 以來(lái)， 各級(jí)政府及其 交通 行政主管部門(mén) 緊緊圍繞全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)和服務(wù)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)這個(gè)大局，努力加快農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)進(jìn)程，農(nóng)村公路 4 通達(dá)水平和通暢程度大幅 度 提高 （ 薛志偉 ， 20xx）。 LIU chengfang ect. (20xx) made analyses on factors affecting the qualities of public goods, with examples in roads and facilities of irrigation and drinking water. The analyses draw the conclusion that villager election is the main factor affecting roads and other public goods investment qualities. 易紅梅等（ 20xx）利用江蘇、四川、吉林、陜西和河北五省的數(shù)據(jù)，分析農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資和農(nóng)民需求之間的關(guān)系，發(fā)現(xiàn)道路項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施與農(nóng)民需求之間 沒(méi)有明顯的相關(guān)性。）并等分為 5組，每組隨機(jī)選 1個(gè)樣本縣。 20xx20xx年間投資情況按照村干部調(diào)查問(wèn)卷和村民調(diào)查 問(wèn)卷加以綜合統(tǒng)計(jì)，問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容涉及樣本村在這期間內(nèi)是否有道路項(xiàng)目投資，投資金額是多少，資金來(lái)源等問(wèn)題。 second, by the score to the road project given by the individual evaluation anization。 The analysis to the supply and demand of road investment is mainly based on the villagers’ investment willingness index and practical road investment. The villagers’ investment willingness is based on villagers investment priority ranking to five types of public investment, suppose there are yuan which can be used to invest. The villagers’ investment priority ranking is respectively marked as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and each rank is respectively given 1 score, score, score, score and score. The investment willingness index = (the proportion of the villagers marked with 1 *1+ the proportion of villagers marked with 2* +the proportion of villagers marked with 3 * + the proportion of villagers marked with 4 * + the proportion of villagers marked with 5 *) *100 村民對(duì)道路的滿意度分析，主要采用農(nóng)戶調(diào)查中村民對(duì)村內(nèi)道路是很滿意、滿意還是不滿意的三級(jí)定性判斷，計(jì)算樣本村村民對(duì)本村道路的滿意度指數(shù)。 In terms of money, the total capital investment for roads of 20 sample villages amounted million yuan during 20xx20xx, with an average of 674,000 yuan each. And in them, the hilly and mountainous villages invest million and $ thous