【正文】 GWDTN7GWD9Q1A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer’s Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man.A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManB. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph EllisonC. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManD. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible ManE. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible ManGWD9Q2:In an attempt to produce premium oysters, a firm in Scotland has developed a prototype of a submersible oyster farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean, and it provides ideal conditions for the mollusks’ growth.A. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean, and it providesB. farm, sitting below the surface of the ocean for providingC. farm that sits below the surface of the ocean and providingD. farm that sits below the surface of the ocean and providesE. farm that is sitting below the surface of the ocean and it providesGWD9Q3:Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly mon, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless panies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee.A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly mon, many peopleB. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasingly mon, many peopleC. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have bee increasingly mon, there are many peopleD. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones being increasingly mon, many people areE. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasingly mon, many people areGWD9Q4Q7 N17Q518 G9Q4Q7 By the sixteenth century, the Incas of South America ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from what is now Ecuador to central Chile. While most of the Incas were selfsufficient agriculturists, the inhabitants of the highland basins above 9,000 feet were constrained by the kinds of crops they could cultivate. Whereas 95 percent of the principal Andean food crops can be cultivated below 3,000 feet, only 20 percent reproduce readily above 9,000 feet. Given this unequal resource distribution, highland Incas needed access to the products of lower, warmer climatic zones in order to enlarge the variety and quantity of their foodstuffs. In most of the preindustrial world, the problem of different resource distribution was resolved by longdistance trade networks over which the end consumer exercised little control. Although the peoples of the Andean highlands participated in such networks, they relied primarily on the maintenance of autonomous production forces in as many ecological zones as possible. The modities produced in these zones were extracted, processed, and transported entirely by members of a single group. This strategy of direct access to a maximum number of ecological zones by a single group is called vertical economy. Even today, one can see Andean munities maintaining use rights simultaneously to pasturelands above 12,000 feet, to potato fields in basins over 9,000 feet, and to plots of warmland crops in regions below 6,000 feet. This strategy has two principal variations. The first is “pressed verticality,” in which a single village resides in a location that permits easy access to closely located ecological zones. Different crop zones or pasturelands are located within a few days walk of the parent munity. Community members may reside temporarily in one of the lower zones to manage the extraction of products unavailable in the homeland. In the second variation, called the “vertical archipelago,” the village exploits resources in widely dispersed locations, constituting a series of independent production “islands.” In certain preColumbian Inca societies, groups were sent from the home territory to establish permanent satellite munities or colonies in distant tropical forests or coastal locations. There the colonists grew crops and extracted products for their own use and for transshipment back to their highaltitude patriots. In contrast to the pressed verticality system, in this system, modities rather than people circulated through the archipelago.GWD9Q4 N17Q5 G9Q4:According to the passage, which of the following is true about the preindustrial long distance trade networks mentioned in line 22 ?A. They were not used extensively in most of the preindustrial world.B. They were used to some extent by the people of the Andean highlands.C. They were not an effective means of solving the problem of different resource distribution.D. They necessitated the establishment of permanent satellite munities in widely dispersed loca