【正文】 s mother did by not threatening the face of the other person or the status quo of thecurrent relationship.Case 40:How Can We Lend Money to Her?It is not unusual for married couples to e into conflict over money or how they relate toinlaws, but in this case it is plicated because there are cultural differences in what is good andbad and what is morally appropriate in this situation. In Germany there are strong norms againstborrowing unless you absolutely have to, and then you borrow from a bank and pay it back asquickly as you can. Except for very rare occasions in which a child must borrow from a parent,you would never borrow from family members, because they have enough problems of their own.In contrast, Lao borrowing norms indicate that borrowing is a natural and ongoing part of life. Noone has everything they need, so everyone will need to borrow at some time. Buddha has said,Do good and good will be done to you, so loaning is an honor. Finally, borrowing from aninstitution is frowned upon because you will not get a good deal and it will look like your familydoes not care about you.Case 41:Getting FrustratedJay was frustrated in large part because many of the norms he was used to didn39。s also quite direct.Jim is trying to involve Akira in the conversation by relating to him his personal experiencesand preferences. Jim uses the first person I no fewer than eleven times and even refers to Akiraas Buddy. Akira never refers to himself in the first person。s liberation movement in the 1960s. Theterm 39。 increase your observational acuity。 and develop social decentering, empathy, and otherorientation.Case 20:Chinese Hospitality — OverdoneThis case reflects that sometimes people unconsciously assume that people from anotherculture may behave in a way which is similar to theirs. The Chinese usually attach a lot ofimportance to taking care of their guests. When it es to a foreign visitor, Chinese hospitality isusually more than what can be understood by a Westerner, who is unfortable when he isalways surrounded by people attempting to be kind. Concerning this case, Hong tried to respecther traditions and her friend by doing more than she could really afford to do for Joe39。 it means she died. Just like in the case my student39。s mother got the right message. Finally, Americans would tend towant to discuss the issue more, asking, Why won39。s desire for privacy and personal space became obvious in a setting that deniedher the ability to achieve either one. Things we va。smother39。t really relevant to her query.Case 26:Slogans and the Importance of LanguageThe intercultural encounters we experience are not only influenced by language and perceptualdifferences, and language choice based on restricted and elaborated social situations, but also onlanguage and how it is translated for members of a culture. For many reasons linguisticinterpretation and semantics provide the source of numerous misunderstandings. For instance, aninsurance pany discovered that fires inadvertently occurred because warehouse employeesacted carelessly around empty barrels of gasoline, although they previously had exercised greatcaution around full drums of gasoline. The terms full and empty seem to mask the real danger inworking with gasoline drums. Empty drums are extremely bustible, while full drums pose farless threat. The linguistic perception of the word empty in the general culture signified null or void,but in the work culture of volatile products like gasoline the semantic interpretation wasdisastrous. A story is told of a Christian Scientist who refused to take vitamins, since theremender described them as medicine. However, the same person gladly took the vitaminswhen he was told they were food.Case 28:Two Different Communication StylesThe dialogue takes place between a young couple who have been dating for a short time. Theman is a . student, and the woman is from an Asian culture. Note the misunderstanding thatresults as a consequence of the use of direct and indirect modes of munication.In all likelihood, Jim is not going to get much of an answer from Michiko. She continuesthroughout the dialogue using rather general answers to Jim39。 increase your Awarenessof perceptual inaccuracies and pensate for them 。 check your perceptions。s ments weren39。 they have very different opinions about the spaceand body languages. Therefore, Mitsuko and Akira felt unfortable when Jim gave someexaggerated body language and kept close space distance in munication.Case 33:Are Americans Indifferent?This case can reflect different nonverbal munication patterns exist in the actualintercultural munication, especially facial expression differ according to different cultures.Compared to most Chinese, Americans like to smile a lot and to have causal and rich facialexpressions in their daily lives, even though they have some misfortune. In this case, because ofthe different opinions about facial expressions in intercultural munication, the American ladytalked about her father’s sickness and death in a smiling way to show she still has the optimisticway to treat the future life, which is misunderstood as being indifferent and selfish by the Chinese.Case 34:What Is Sue’ s Problem？This case can reflect nonverbal intercultural munication should be according to thedifferent context, too. Context refers to the actual setting when munication occurs and is alsoimportant in nonverbal munication. In this case, Sue knew how to wai and she knew thatbowing was generally important in the Thai culture, but, as is so easy to do in a new environment,she forgot to consider the context. Relational hierarchy is very important in Thailand. Sue’sdeferential actions may have appropriate in certain settings, but given her status of elder visitorsuch actions directed toward the children were extremely confusing and