【正文】 關鍵字：《寵兒》 美國 黑人女性 悲慘命運Abstract：AfricanAmerican writer Toni Morrison39。她們的悲慘命運揭示了非裔美國人民在蓄奴制時期艱辛而漫長的受壓迫之路，揭示了當時的社會制度給作為黑人，作為女性的她們帶來的不幸。論文（設計）的基礎條件及研究路線 本論文的基礎條件是不同的外國語言文學研究者對《寵兒》中的女性的研究結果。 研究路線是對美國黑人女性的悲慘命運，她們的抗爭以及造成她們悲慘命運的原因幾方面進行分析，以期達到正視歷史，警醒世人的作用。指導教師評語 年 月 日指 導 教 師職稱初評成績答辯小組姓名職稱教研室組長成員答辯記錄： 記錄人簽字： 年 月 日答辯小組意見： 組長簽字： 年 月 日學院意見： 評定成績： 簽章 年 月 日XXXX大學本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計）文獻綜述Literature ReviewIn the nine novels of AfricanAmerican writer Toni Morrison, Beloved became the favorite of readers because of its thrilling plot and unparalleled narration. Toni Morrison was the first African American woman who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. The strong sense of tragic filled her novels from her beginning work The bluest eyes to her latest work A Mercy. In the book Conversations with Toni Morrison, 1 Toni Morrison was asked why her books always were so gloomy and so sad. Why didn’t she try to write some positive and healthy relationships? She answered that there was a writing style with happy marriage which was called edy, but she would never write with it. She was writing something which can be called tragedy which can purify and enlighten. There was a huge difference between these two writing styles, but she tended to tragedy, may be because she was a minor classicalist.” In her eyes, the real life had the nature of tragedy. The present Americans, especially the black people, were and are fighting against their dilemma for a long time. This made her the first African American women to be cited for the prestigious award. She was a predominant writer of the 20th century in studying the black literature. As a female African American writer, Toni Morrison concerned seriously about the life and spiritual world of American blacks, especially the black women. In her fictional world, Toni Morrison reflected miseries, abnormalities and distortions of the black women’s feeling and mind under the oppressions of racism and sexism. Her remarkable achievements represented the recognition of a new kind of literaturethe black women literature throughout the world. Toni’s education gave her the access to achieve the previous statement. She attended Howard University where she majored English with a minor in classics. Toni got her bachelor’s degree in English and then attended Cornell University and received a master’s degree in 1955. Toni’s early years’ experience and her knowledge of the history of her family and race made her feel more of the painful effects of racial discrimination. She was exposed to a lot of materials and writers that write about antislavery movements during her working time as an editor, which helped her produce an inspiration to figure out the terrible picture of slavery. Thus Beloved was born. And this inspiration was clearly expressed in the preface of Beloved. It was published in 1987 and made a literary sensation. It was considered as a milestone in the history of American literature. Morrison’s other works such as The Bluest Eye(1967), Sula(1973), Song of Solomon(1977), Tar Baby(1981), Paradise(1998), Love(2003), also received high praise in the American Literary World. African American literature, as an uprising star of American literature, possessed a very important position in American literature. The vulnerable groups especially the African American females got a lot of attention from every aspect of the society. There emerged a large number of writers who studies the African American literature. As an African American female writer, Toni Morrison paid much attention to the description of the psychological world of the African American people. Beloved was the fifth novel of Toni Morrison which was thought highly of. It was regarded as a milestone of American literature. Although it had bee a controversial source since its publication, Beloved proved to be an extraordinary success and gained Morrison great reputation. Besides being awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize, Beloved also won her the Robert F. Kennedy Award, the Melcher book Award and the Before Columbus American Book Award. The Elizabeth Cady Stanton Award from the National Organization for women also recognized the contribution the novel made to the history of black women. The American literary world had a high praise for this novel. Nation magazine valued it as Toni Morrison’s finest work and stated it belonged to the highest shelf of our literature. Chicago SunTime once valued Beloved as Morrison’s finest work and stated that nothing she had written so sets her apart, so displays her prodigious, almost shocking talents. Many critics were attracted to its controversial theme study. Elizabeth B. House says that, “Throughout Beloved, Morrison’s theme is that remembering yesterday, while not being consumed by them, gives people the tomorrows with which to make real lives.” Beloved was balance and thorough in structure. It had the system of modern mythology. The harsh emphasis on literary skills and the use of the stream of consciousness dominated the novel. After Morrison won the Nobel Prize for Literature, a lot of people, intentionally or unintentionally, dismissed her because of her identity. I thought that black women39。s novel profound reveals the tragic fate of AfricanAmerican women under that social environment. Her masterpiece Beloved which based on the fate of women of three generations of a black family to reveal the tragic