【正文】 所以增壓技術(shù)應(yīng)向中小功率內(nèi)燃機(jī)擴(kuò)展，隨著小型渦輪增壓器結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠性不斷提高，我國應(yīng)盡快開發(fā)小型廢氣渦輪增壓汽油機(jī)及柴油機(jī)。我國小型高速直噴柴油機(jī)處于研究開發(fā)階段。 臥式或者對(duì)置式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有兩排互為 180176?；钊厣?，使氣缸內(nèi)壓力下降在排氣沖程，減少對(duì)活塞回壓，派出廢氣， 為下一個(gè)進(jìn)氣沖程作準(zhǔn)備，通常情況下，進(jìn)氣門在排氣沖程完成前打開。 術(shù)語 : 沖程是用來說明活塞在氣缸內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，也就是活塞行程的距離根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)類型的需要二沖程或四沖程來完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán)四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)也叫做奧托發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，為了紀(jì)念德國 工程 師奧托，他是在 1876 年第一個(gè)應(yīng)用該原理的，在四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中，要求氣缸活塞四沖程來完成一個(gè)完整的工作循環(huán)，每個(gè)沖程根據(jù)其行為命名分別為 : 進(jìn)氣沖程，壓縮沖程，作功沖程和排氣沖程。所有的注意都集中在 2020 年的潛在的汽車消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的人來說，他們不并不是一個(gè)選擇 。由于結(jié)合了兩種系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，變速箱既可以和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)連接，也可以和電動(dòng)機(jī)相連，從而降低了油耗。當(dāng)在平坦的路上行駛時(shí)，大部分時(shí)間是電動(dòng)機(jī)在工作。在這種情況下，通常是由一個(gè)內(nèi)燃機(jī)和一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)組成的。大部分純電動(dòng)車每行使 50~100 英里就要充電。第二，混合動(dòng)力車是經(jīng)濟(jì)的。after . to take advantage of ining mixture. Compression stroke The piston turns up, the intake valve closes, the mixture is pressed within the bustion chamber, while the pressure rise to about 1Mpa, depending on various factors including the pression ratio, throttle opening and engine speed. Near the top of the stroke the mixture is ignited by a spark which bridges the gap of the spark plug. Power stroke The expanding gases of bustion produces a rise in pressure of the gas to some , and the piston is forced down in the cylinder. The exhaust valve opens near the bottom of the stroke. Exhust stroke The piston moves back up with the exhaust valve open some 50176。before ., allowing the pressure within the cylinder to fall and to reduce ‘back’pressure on the piston during the exhaust stroke, and the burned gases are pushed out to prepare for the next intake intake valve usually opens just before the exhaust stroke. This 4stroke cycle is continuously repeared in every as long as the engineremains running. A 2stroke engine also goes through four actions to plete one operating cycle. However, the intake and the pression actions are bined in one seroke, and the power and exhaust actions are bined in the other stroke. The term2stroke cycle or 2stroke is preferred to the term 2cycle, which is really not accurate. In automobile engines, all pistons are attached to a single crankshaft. The more cylinders an engine has, the more power strokes produced for cach revolution. This means that an 8cylinder engine runs more smoothly bdcause the power atrokes are 北京化工大學(xué)北方學(xué)院汽車服務(wù)工程 —— 外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文 closer together in time and in degrees of engine rotation. The cylinders of multicylinder automotive engines arranged in one of three ways. Inline engines use a single block of 4cylinder and any 6cylinder engines are of this design. The cylinders do not have to be vertical. They can be inclined either side. Vtype engines use two equal bands of cylinders, usually inclined 60degrees or 90degrees from the cach other. Most Vtype engines have 6 or 8 cylinders, although V4 and V12 engines have been built. Horizontally opposed or pancake engines have two equal banks of cylinders 180degreeas apart. These space saving engine designs are often aircooled, and are found in the Chevrolet Carvair, Porsches, Subaus, and Volkswagens. Subaus design is liquid cooled. Latemodel Volkswagen vans use a liquidcooled version of the air cooled VWhorizontally opposed engine. 北京化工大學(xué)北方學(xué)院汽車服務(wù)工程 —— 外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文 譯 文 新型汽車 混合動(dòng)力汽車 在油價(jià)飛漲的今天，汽車制造商被要求發(fā)展一種排放低，行駛里程長的汽車。混合動(dòng)力車是有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電動(dòng)機(jī)共同驅(qū)動(dòng)的，每加侖燃料可以行使大約 55~60英里，而普通的 SUV 行使相同的 距離需要至少三倍的燃料！原因有三點(diǎn)： 1）混合動(dòng)力車的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排量比普通汽車的都小。而且，純電動(dòng)車的速度不能大于 50~60 英里每小時(shí)，而混合動(dòng)力車可 以。 那它是如何處理動(dòng)力的聯(lián)結(jié)方式呢？根據(jù)混合動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)的聯(lián)結(jié)方式通常分為三類：并聯(lián)式，串聯(lián)式和混聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力 系統(tǒng)。 串聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng) 串聯(lián)式系統(tǒng)同樣擁有供油系統(tǒng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，變速箱，電動(dòng)機(jī)和一個(gè)可以給電池充電的發(fā)電機(jī)。豐田的Prius 和福特的 Escape Hybrid 都是用的是這種 技術(shù) 。 那種情況很快就會(huì)改變的。 于此同時(shí)，態(tài)度強(qiáng)硬的全球變暖的反對(duì)者更堅(jiān)信生態(tài)災(zāi)難就要來臨，或許已經(jīng)是到結(jié)束我們對(duì) suv 車型的鐘愛，并著手降低