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強制隔離戒毒人員權(quán)利保障機制的構(gòu)建與完善-憲法學(xué)-免費閱讀

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【正文】 另一方面,個別民警存在著對強制隔離戒毒人員的權(quán)利主張缺乏足夠重視和支持的情形,使得有的強戒人員在依法行使和維護自身權(quán)利時受到拖延和怠慢。現(xiàn)實中就會造成強戒場所和強戒人員信息的嚴重不對等,強戒人員對自身權(quán)利的內(nèi)容和實現(xiàn)途徑不能及時了解,在個人權(quán)利不能正常享有和受到侵害時也就很難得到及時救濟了?,F(xiàn)實中,如何把握維護隱私權(quán)與確保所管安全的平衡,往往很難抉擇。具體勞動報酬多少算是公平合理,很多學(xué)者也是眾說紛紜,如有的認為應(yīng)當(dāng)同工同酬,即相同的工作相同的對待,不得因性別、年齡等具體情形的差異而對任何人進行歧視,有的認為應(yīng)當(dāng)建立勞動報酬的最低標準來保障勞動者享有最起碼的生活水準。 勞動權(quán)和休息權(quán) 強戒人員的勞動權(quán)普遍引起關(guān)注的是超時超體力勞動問題。但也僅止于此,由于條件和執(zhí)法安全所限,不可能允許強戒人員單獨或者集體進行本宗教儀式。在考慮其權(quán)利保障的時候,我們也應(yīng)考慮到,若允許其外出結(jié)婚或者定期與家人同居,即使檢查措施再嚴密,也難以避免他們再次接觸到毒品,這將使她們之前為戒毒付出的努力都失去了意義。調(diào)查也顯示,75%的強戒人員對強戒所的生活環(huán)境、硬件設(shè)施滿意和伙食感到滿意,說明強戒場所的物質(zhì)生活待遇滿足了大多數(shù)強戒人員的需求。與此相反,強戒人員雖然對人身權(quán)包含的各類具體權(quán)利所知也不甚詳,但他們由于被限制了人身自由,出于對自主行動的渴望和對強戒所內(nèi)嚴格地生活、學(xué)習(xí)、康體訓(xùn)練作息的不適應(yīng),總會感覺自己處處受限,感到“人身權(quán)利”難以行使,卻不知強制隔離場所的一些紀律限制,不僅并未侵害其權(quán)利,而是幫助其能夠早日戒除毒癮地必要科學(xué)措施。通過問卷調(diào)查顯示,26%參與調(diào)查的民警表示強戒人員最易受到侵害的權(quán)利是人身權(quán)利,僅次于選擇并不明確的其他權(quán)利的33%的比率,比其他諸如政治權(quán)利、財產(chǎn)權(quán)、社會經(jīng)濟文化權(quán)等明確列出的選擇比率絕對高出;%參與調(diào)查的民警認為強戒人員的人格無一例外應(yīng)受到尊重;%參與調(diào)查的民警認為不存在對強戒人員的侮辱、體罰、虐待的情況。;七是有獲得診斷評估,提前解除強制隔離戒毒的權(quán)利。 四是獲得醫(yī)療救助和看護的權(quán)利。在強戒執(zhí)行期間,對強戒所做出的獎懲決定不服的,可以向強戒所上級部門和本級監(jiān)察部門提出申訴;二是獲得戒毒矯治的權(quán)利。因此,強戒人員享有如財產(chǎn)權(quán)、債權(quán)、繼承權(quán),知識產(chǎn)權(quán)、締結(jié)婚姻或離婚的權(quán)利、繼承遺產(chǎn)等民事權(quán)利,且其民事權(quán)利均受到法律的保護。根據(jù)這些法律法規(guī),我國強制隔離戒毒人員的權(quán)利主要有以下方面。主要包括與親屬、律師等通信、會見,閱讀圖書、報紙、收聽廣播或者類似方法獲得比較重要新聞的權(quán)利。:。強戒人員權(quán)利的特殊性僅在其被強制隔離戒毒期間這一特定時期?;谌诵宰饑肋@一基礎(chǔ),作為人,強戒人員理應(yīng)享有作為公民應(yīng)該享有的權(quán)利,但是由于其強制隔離戒毒人員這一特定法律身份及其自由受到限制這一現(xiàn)實狀態(tài),其權(quán)利與一般公民具有差異性:(一)不完整性,主要是指強戒人員享有的權(quán)利內(nèi)容的不完整。作為對吸毒成癮人員人身自由限制的強制隔離戒毒措施,也必須遵循人道化的要求。因而,強制隔離戒毒人員權(quán)益正當(dāng)性的根據(jù)首先在于強制隔離戒毒人員“人的屬性”,即強制隔離戒毒人員是人這一基本命題決定了他們權(quán)益的正當(dāng)性,也就是人權(quán)的普遍性所決定的。第3章 強制隔離戒毒人員權(quán)益及內(nèi)容對強制隔離戒毒人員的“強制”主要是限制強制隔離戒毒人員的人身自由,即以限制人身自由這一強制性措施為基礎(chǔ)開展毒癮戒治工作,強制是手段,戒治是目標。《禁毒法》的一大亮點就是對過去各種戒毒資源進行整合,建立新的強制隔離戒毒制度,體現(xiàn)了我們在禁毒戒毒工作理念上的全面提升,制度體制有效改革整合的意愿,這本來是一種進步。有的學(xué)者指出,《禁毒法》對作出強制隔離戒毒決定過程中的法律程序沒有太多的規(guī)定,缺乏起碼的正當(dāng)程序?!督痉ā返?8條規(guī)定強制隔離戒毒的決定、提前解除和延長期限由縣級以上公安機關(guān)批準?!督痉ā返?5條對于強制隔離戒毒場所配備執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師和開展戒毒醫(yī)學(xué)治療作出了專門規(guī)定 轉(zhuǎn)引自新華網(wǎng):《中華人民共和國禁毒法》,第45條。也就是說,其他符合強制隔離戒毒條件的都應(yīng)強制隔離戒毒。而對于強制隔離戒毒人員管理,《禁毒法》的規(guī)定則相對較少,只規(guī)定了對可能發(fā)生自傷、自殘等情形的戒毒人員,可以采取相應(yīng)的保護性約束措施。,對吸毒成癮人員實行勞動教養(yǎng)必須依據(jù)其吸毒違法行為作出,更加強調(diào)處罰性。強制戒毒的違法性評價后果更體現(xiàn)在一定的行政強制方面。關(guān)于如何對吸毒行為定性,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者一直存在著較大的分歧,各國法律在對吸毒人員和吸毒行為的處置上也有著很大的差別。強制隔離戒毒與以往的戒毒措施相比,有以下幾方面的明確界定:一是適用對象范圍界定清晰準確,《禁毒法》第38條明確了對吸毒成癮人員決定強制隔離戒毒的四種情形;轉(zhuǎn)引自新華網(wǎng): 《中華人民共和國禁毒法》,第38條。第二,實證調(diào)查法。綜上,強制隔離戒毒人員權(quán)利保障就是指國家通過立法、司法程序,確保強制隔離戒毒場所對強制隔離戒毒人員權(quán)利的限制在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)和條件下實施、從而使其依法應(yīng)該享有的權(quán)利不被侵犯或得以正常行使的一系列制度和措施。同樣地,關(guān)于強制隔離戒毒人員的權(quán)利保障也面臨很多現(xiàn)實問題急需解決。 Strengthen daily management, according to the pulsory isolation detoxification work spirit, innovating the mode of law enforcement, according to the basic characteristics of JiangJie personnel humanized management ideas and a more flexible way of management, set up to meet the requirements of pulsory isolation detoxification treatment management mode in education correction mode level with diagnostic assessment models and followup care, and refine the workflow, according to the requirements of administration according to law administrative procedure as reasonable, establish the law enforcement standard of pulsory isolation detoxification and enforcement process, give full play to the law enforcement appraisal appraisal adjustment and guidance function, improve the law enforcement basis and law enforcement data file, establish perfect pulsory isolation detoxification law enforcement quality appraisal system。s legal status, clear legal basis for its further, this is not only the background of rights and interests safeguard, also defining the specific pulsory isolation detoxification personnel shall enjoy rights and interests of the theoretical basis, is to analyze the logical starting point of the problem. In the specific nature of the pulsory isolation detoxification and JiangJie personnel environment, on the basis of the need to further clarify the current legal framework in our country, the pulsory isolation detoxification personnel enjoy the concrete rights and interests of the rights mainly follow from base to top, from the mon to the scope of the individual through reference to relevant international regulations, the current administrative and some of the laws and regulations drug laws are analyzed and discussed, such as clarified theoretically pulsory isolation detoxification personnel should enjoy basic rights, considering both the universal human should enjoy the most basic rights, and against forced isolation of drug addicts experience and clarify the current situation of deprived of personal freedom. From the legal nature of the legal status to the theoretical analysis of the legal rights to build both the logic basis and starting point of this article, as well as found problems in the implementation of the practice of conflict and set the direction of thinking.Article research starting from the theory, but it is not only stay in theory in this paper, we use the empirical method and data analysis, bining with the current pulsory isolation detoxification units at the grassroots level of law enforcement practice and questionnaire survey of pulsory isolation detoxification personnel data statistics, the pulsory isolation detoxification personnel rights and interests safeguard fit on the current situation of the actual analysis of the unit in the implementation of the pulsory isolation detoxification personnel39。通過分別對強戒人員和執(zhí)法者發(fā)放問卷,以主觀應(yīng)當(dāng)、現(xiàn)狀認識和個人希望三個維度進行調(diào)查,對數(shù)據(jù)加以分析比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要問題包括:權(quán)益內(nèi)容界定不清、宣講力度不夠,導(dǎo)致所管人員和執(zhí)法人員理解存在差異;確保戒毒場所安全穩(wěn)定和隔離戒治效果的具體實踐操作與一些權(quán)利的享有存在矛盾沖突;物質(zhì)權(quán)益保障關(guān)注較多,精神層面相對較弱;在法律和實踐層面缺乏相對細致的指導(dǎo)規(guī)定。對吸毒人員的幫助和改造是一項長期的系統(tǒng)工程,需要整個社會的多個部門共同努力協(xié)作,本文僅從被剝奪人身自由的強制隔離階段的執(zhí)法角度來探討權(quán)益保障問題。闡明強制隔離戒毒的歷史發(fā)展有助于我們明確其目前在我國所處的法律地位,進一步明確其法理依據(jù),這既是權(quán)益保障的背景交代,也是界定強制隔離戒毒人員應(yīng)當(dāng)享有哪些具體權(quán)益的理論基礎(chǔ),是分析問題的邏輯起點。與此相對的,在強制隔離戒毒人員的權(quán)益保障監(jiān)督和權(quán)利救濟方面,也存在類似問題:立方層面缺乏有效依據(jù);執(zhí)法理念存在偏差;執(zhí)法體系存在不周全方面。s personal political education right of religious culture of the right of labor property rights and deprived of their liberty and need to meet with munications and other special rights six aspects has carried on the detailed investigation and analysis. By issuing questionnaires to JiangJie personnel and law enforcers respectively, subjective should to know and personal hope to investigate the three dimensions, the data analysis and parison, discovered the main problems include: the rights and interests of indistinct definition content abou
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