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土木工程專業(yè)英語a卷-免費(fèi)閱讀

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【正文】 to increase available water stored for generating hydroelectric power。 】 In the case of bridge, vehicles or pedestrians constitute the loads and the weight of these must be transmitted through the structure to the bridge abutments or intermediate piers. 【 就橋梁來說, 荷載是由車輛或者步行者構(gòu)成的,這些荷載通過結(jié)構(gòu)的作用 被 傳遞到了橋臺或 者 中間墩 處 。 】 3. Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit.【 高層建筑需要加大柱和梁的尺寸,保證建筑物在風(fēng)荷載下的側(cè)移值不超過規(guī)范的限度。 and environment/sanitary engineering, dealing with water supply, water purification, and sewer system, as well as urban planning and design.【 它又可分為結(jié)構(gòu)工程,主要研究永久性建筑;水利工程,主要研究水和其他流體的流動;環(huán)境 /衛(wèi)生工程,主要研究水的供應(yīng)、凈化和排水系統(tǒng),以及城市規(guī)劃與設(shè)計。 】 The term “civil engineering” originally came into use to distinguish it from military engineering. Civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for civilian uses, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military uses. 【 使用“土木工程”這個詞的目的是要將其與軍事工程相區(qū)別。 】 Excessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitions, ceilings, and other architectural details. 【 過大的側(cè)向偏移可能會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果,例如使天花板及其他建筑構(gòu)件收到損傷。 】 In a building, the weight of contents is transmitted by means of floors to the beams, from these to the columns and finally down to the foundations.【 在建筑物中,它所含之物的重量是依靠板傳給梁,再從梁傳給柱,最后 向下 傳給基礎(chǔ)。 or to increase the depth of water in a river so as to improve navigation. 【 目的為了滿足人們生活、灌溉、工業(yè)用水的需求,削弱洪峰流量,增加水庫容量用來水力發(fā)電,或者提升河流深渡以利于航行。 to reduce peak discharge of flood water。 】From an Engineering point of view, the purpose of most structures is to transmit certain loads from their points of application to the point of support, usually the ground. 【 從工程學(xué)的角度來看, 大多數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu) 的目的是把某些荷載從它們的作用點(diǎn)傳遞到支撐點(diǎn)處,通常是傳遞到地面。 if these quantities can be found for all values of load up to the failure load, then we will have obtained a plete picture of the mechanical behavior of the body.【 一般情況下,我們研究的目的是測定因受載而引起的應(yīng)力,應(yīng)變和變形;如果當(dāng)所有負(fù)荷量達(dá)到破壞載荷時,能夠測得這些物理量,我們就可能得到一份完整的固體力學(xué)性能圖。 hydraulic engineering, dealing with the flow of water and other fluids。土木工程涉及民用的永久性建筑;而軍事工程主要研究軍用的臨時性建筑。 】 In addition, excessive sway may cause disfort to the occupants of the building because of their perception of such motion. 【 此外,過多的晃動可能會導(dǎo)致居住者的不適。 】 6. The main problem in the design of the foundations of a multistorey building under which the soil settles is to keep the total settlement of the building within reasonable limits, but specially to see that the relative settlement from one column to the next is not great. 【 設(shè)計 安放在土中的 多層建筑 基礎(chǔ)的主要問題是 控制建筑物的總沉降量在適當(dāng)?shù)姆秶鷥?nèi),但特別要注意的是柱與柱之間的相對沉降量不要太大。 】An incidental purpose can be to provide a lake for recreation.【 一個附帶的目的是提供了一個湖泊工休閑娛樂。 】 Its purposes are to meet demands for water for human consumption, irrigation, or industry。 】 5. The manner in which structures act to carry and transfer their loads and the deformation modes they assume is called structural behavior. 【 結(jié)構(gòu)起著傳遞和轉(zhuǎn)移它們自身荷載和這 種 它們呈現(xiàn)的變形模式 叫做結(jié)構(gòu)的性能。 】 Usually the objective of our analysis will be the determination of the stresses, strains, and deformations produced by the loads。 】 Among its subdivisions are structural engineering, dealing with permanent structures。 】 2. Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading. 【 材料力學(xué)是應(yīng)用力學(xué)的一個分支,涉及受不同類型載荷的固體的性能。 】 Structural systems of reinforced concrete, as well as steel, take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway.【 鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的系統(tǒng),以及鋼結(jié)構(gòu) ,可以充分利用自身固有的潛在剛度,因此不需要額外加勁來限制側(cè)移。 】 While, in the course of designing a structure, you have to take into consideration what kind of load structure will be subjected to, where on the structure is applied suddenly or gradually. 【 然而,在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的過程中,你不得不考慮到結(jié)構(gòu)將受到怎樣的荷載,荷載將作用在什么部位,它是偶然加載的還是逐步加載的。 】……【 書 P79 第十課第一段 】 Made by Thanksgiving 土木( Civil) 土木工程( Civil engineering) 規(guī)劃( planning)設(shè)計( design)施工( construction)結(jié)構(gòu)( structures) 土木工程師( Civil engineers) 公共設(shè)施( public facilities) 隧道( tunnels)大壩( dams)海港( harbors)電廠( power plants)給水( water)排水( sewage) 公共交通( mass transit) 管線( pipelines)工業(yè)的( industrial)、商業(yè)的( mercial)住宅的( residential)大型結(jié)構(gòu)( large structures)專業(yè)( specialties) 專業(yè)人員( specialists)電力管線( power lines)場地( site)測量( survey)繪(地形)圖( map) 巖土的( geotechnical)土工 試驗(yàn)( soil experiments) 環(huán)境的( environmental) 地下水( groundwater ) 交通( transportation ) 結(jié)構(gòu)的( structural)詳細(xì)設(shè)計( detailed designs) 設(shè)計圖( plans)(設(shè)計)說明 ( specifications) 施工管理( construction management)監(jiān)督( supervise)協(xié)調(diào)( coordinate)材料( materials)人工( labor) 費(fèi)用( costs)估算( estimate)結(jié) 構(gòu)工程( structural engineering)設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)( supports for equipment) 濱海( offshore)項(xiàng)目( projects)特種結(jié)構(gòu)( special structures ) 發(fā)射塔( transmission towers) 承受( resist)外力( f
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