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【正文】 indeed, most panies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth. Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will e in similarly ecoefficient ways, since in today’s global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in oldstyle ecoinefficient industries. Even a vastly more ecoefficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less ecoefficient economy. Senge and Carstedt argue that to preserve the global environment and sustain economic growth, businesses must develop a new systemic approach that reduces total material use and total accumulated waste. Focusing exclusively on ecoefficiency, which offers a pelling business case according to established thinking, may distract panies from pursuing radically different products and business models.  Questions 1–3 refer to the passage above.   1. The primary purpose of the passage is to (主旨)   (A) explain why a particular business strategy has been less successful than was once anticipated    (B) propose an alternative to a particular business strategy that has inadvertently caused ecological damage    (C) present a concern about the possible consequences of pursuing a particular business strategy  (D) make a case for applying a particular business strategy on a larger scale than is currently practiced  (E) suggest several possible outes of panies’ failure to understand the economic impact of a particular business strategy     2. The passage mentions which of the following as a possible consequence of panies’ realization of greater profits through ecoefficiency? (細節(jié)) (A) The panies may be able to sell a greater number of products by lowering prices.    (B) The panies may be better able to attract investment capital in the global market.   (C) The profits may be reinvested to increase economic growth through ecoefficiency.  (D) The profits may be used as investment capital for industries that are not ecoefficient.   (E) The profits may encourage panies to make further innovations in reducing production waste.    3. The passage implies that which of the following is a possible consequence of a pany’s adoption of innovations that increase its ecoefficiency? (細節(jié))  (A) Company profits resulting from such innovations may be reinvested in that pany with no guarantee that the pany will continue to make further improvements in ecoefficiency.   (B) Company growth fostered by cost savings from such innovations may allow that pany to manufacture a greater number of products that will be used and discarded, thus worsening environmental stress.    (C) A pany that fails to realize significant cost savings from such innovations may have little incentive to continue to minimize the environmental impact of its production processes.  (D) A pany that es to depend on such innovations to increase its profits and growth may be vulnerable in the global market to petition from oldstyle ecoinefficient industries.  (E) A pany that meets its ecoefficiency goals is unlikely to invest its increased profits in the development of new and innovative ecoefficiency measures.   Passage 2  題材類型:自然科學   結構類型:現(xiàn)象解釋型   組織方式:總分總,發(fā)現(xiàn)=排除其他解釋=提出合理解釋(結論)  主要對象:predatorprey   作者態(tài)度:177。如文章前后出現(xiàn)了不一樣的重點、不一樣的結論,那么以前面的為主題,后面的為延伸性內容?!?)大列舉(FIRST, SECOND,…)    “羅馬數(shù)字題”(回原文定位)  特殊情況:有些羅馬數(shù)字題與大列舉無關,是信息題?!?. 同義變換   所謂“同義變換”,就是把文中的內容換成同義詞或者變換句型,而意思保持不變?! ? ★并列或遞進:發(fā)生在多個論據(jù)之間  furthermore, moreover, in addition to   first,一個原因second,一個原因  1…, 2…, however(第三個原因最重要)… 2)不知道該不該看時,試探性地閱讀,找整個句子的主語、謂語  3)整個文章的處理順序    文章結構=重點細節(jié)(主體詞)=做題(查細節(jié))    閱讀時間:做題時間 = 1:2或者2:3   4)不能舍掉的東西:    ★ 強轉折、強對比    ★ “古怪”的語言:文章后半部分出現(xiàn)的新名詞、臨近結尾的轉折、英文成語、修辭方法(主要是比喻)、不正常的“復合詞”(作者生造出來的用 HYPHEN連接的詞)    ★ surprisingly / unfortunately / paradoxically / ironically開頭的句子 3. 推測    遇到單詞或句子不理解時,從前后就近之處尋找相同題材的其他說法,如沒有強轉折、強對比,則它們的意思應該大體相同,正負評價應該一致;如有強轉折、強對比,……  五、出題點  ?。褐黝}題 包括內容性、寫法性   有明確主題句的文章出內容性主題題;   套路清晰的文章出寫法性主題題;     套路特別清晰出organization題?!  ¢喿x水平提高的階段:  第一階段:靠記憶   第二階段:靠定位和筆記  第三階段:靠結構   二、閱讀任務 1. 找出結構類型 找出每個段落或層次,作者在寫法上做了什么工作,包括:提出現(xiàn)象、提出解釋、提出一個方法、提出一個問題、駁斥一個理論、驗證一個理論。注意推理,以及支持和反對。GMAT閱讀理解總結   GMAT_RC_閱讀總結 五號字體 打印 p113  目 錄  GMAT閱讀復習方法 4   一、總結 4   二、單詞 4   三、難句 4 四、狗狗 4 GMAT閱讀基礎 4 一、題材類型 4   1. 自然科學 4   2. 社會科學 4   3. 經(jīng)濟管理 4 二、結構類型 4 1. 結構類型的區(qū)分 4   2. 新老觀點型 5   3. 現(xiàn)象解釋型 5   4. 問題解決型 5  5. 結論說明型 5   6. 比較分析型 5   三、作者態(tài)度 5   1. 正評價 5  2. 負評價 5   3. 混合評價:大正小負 5   4. 混合評價:大負小正 5 四、語言現(xiàn)象 5   1. 強轉折 5  2. 強因果 6 3. 強對比 6  4. 強調詞 6   5. 專有名詞 6   6. 三種標點符號 6   7. 判斷句 6   GMAT閱讀方法 7   一、最高原則 7   二、閱讀任務 7 1. 找出結構類型 7   2. 找出主題句 7   3. 找出主體詞 7 4. 找出主體評價 7  5. 找出代表人物 7   三、筆記內容 7 1. 主題句 7 2. 主體及評價 7 3. 強對比 7   4. 強轉折 7  四、快速閱讀 7   1. 難句分析 7   2. 合理化取舍 8   3. 推測 8   五、出題點 9  GMAT解題方法 9  一、解題技巧 9 1. 閱讀題目 9 2. 原文定位 10 3. 同義變換 10  二、客觀題 10   1. 事實題 10   2. 取非題 10  3. 舉例題 10   4. 列舉題 11 5. 邏輯題 11  6. 信息題 11 7. 類比題 11 三、主觀題 12   1. 主題題 12 2. 態(tài)度題 12  OG12閱讀理解 14  一、閱讀理解試題 14  Passage 1 14  Passage 2 15  Passage 3 16   Passage 4 18  Passage 5 19  Passage 6 22 Passage 7 23  Passage 8 25 Passage 9 26  Passage 10 28 Passage 11 29   Passage 12 31 Passage 13 33 Passage 14 35 Passage 15 37 Passage 16 39  Passage 17 41  Passage 18 42  Passage 19 44  Passage 20 46  Passage 21 48  Passage 22 50  Passage 23 52 Passage 24 54  二、閱讀理解答案 56  GWD閱讀理解 56 一、閱讀理解試題 56  GWDTN14 Passage 1 56   GWDTN14 Passage 2 57 GWDTN14 Passage 3 58  GWDTN14 Passage 4 60  GWDTN15 Passage 1 61 GWDTN15 Passage 2 62 GWDTN15 Passage 3 64 GWDTN15 Passage 4 65 GWDTN16 Passage 1 66 GWDTN16 Passa
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